- #1
Frigus
- 337
- 160
can anyone explain me how O negative and COO negative acts as electron releasing group,I understood how alkyl groups acts as electron releasing group but I can't understand this
O- and COO- are both electron donating groups due to their negative charge. In a π system, these groups can donate electrons through resonance, where the negative charge is delocalized and spread out over the entire molecule. This results in an increase in electron density in the π system, making it more nucleophilic and reactive.
The mechanism involves the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom or the carboxylate group being delocalized into the π system through resonance. This increases the electron density in the π system, making it more electron-rich and therefore more reactive.
O- and COO- can increase the stability of a π system by delocalizing the negative charge and spreading it out over the molecule. This results in a more stable and lower energy state for the system.
Yes, O- and COO- can act as both electron donating and withdrawing groups in a π system depending on the substituents attached to them. For example, if there are electron-withdrawing groups attached to the O- or COO- group, they can withdraw electrons through resonance, making them electron-withdrawing groups in the π system.
O- and COO- are considered strong electron releasing groups in a π system due to their negative charge and ability to delocalize electrons through resonance. Other common electron releasing groups include -OH, -OR, and -NH2, which also have lone pairs of electrons that can donate into the π system through resonance.