What's the Flaw in this Algebraic Proof?

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In summary, the conversation discusses a flawed proof that attempts to show that 2 equals 1 by manipulating algebraic equations. However, the flaw lies in dividing by zero, which is not allowed in mathematics. The conversation also mentions similar fallacious proofs that use integration or differentiation to arrive at an obviously false conclusion.
  • #1
dianzz
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Homework Statement


guys ,it says that what's wrong with following proof ? let's see if x=y ,then

x2=xy
x2-y2=xy-y2
(x+y)(x-y)=y(x-y)
x+y=y
2y=y
2=1

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


we know that if ax=ay x=y only and if only a is not zero ,but how to say this in "proof" language ? sory if look stupid ..im just kid in math ..hehe ,thanx
 
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  • #2
(x+y)(x-y)=y(x-y)
x+y=y

This is where it goes wrong. Tell me how do you go from the first to the second step, then tell me what x-y is.
 
  • #3
dianzz said:
know that if ax=ay x=y only and if only a is not zero ,but how to say this in "proof" language ?
This is satisfactory:

[tex]ax=ay[/tex]

[tex]x=y , a\neq 0[/tex]


dianzz said:
(x+y)(x-y)=y(x-y)
x+y=y

This step is where your problem occurred. Since you restricted the algebra to y=x, you cannot do this step because it is dividing by 0.
 
  • #4
Well there's a problem with the proof. The third line (x-y), we know that is 0 so you have 0 = 0 immediately.
 
  • #5
thanx man ..sorry if I am not reply immediatly ..but for me the conclusion there is a restriction in algebra,right ?? ..how can the manipulation allow that ..
 
  • #6
(x+y)(x-y)=y(x-y)
x+y=y
To go from the first equation to the second, you divide both sides of the first equation by x - y. This is not allowed, because x - y = 0, by assumption ("Let x = y"). You cannot divide by zero. Period.
 
  • #7
its very clear right now ..biG thanks all of u
 
  • #8
You should tried like:
(x+y)(x-y)=y(x-y)

(x+y)(x-y)-y(x-y)=0

(x-y)(x+y-y)=0

(x-y)x=0

So x=0 or x-y=0
 
  • #9
This is one of a number of fallacious "proofs" that end in some obviously false conclusion. All of them have one or more steps that are not allowed (like division by zero) that make the erroneous conclusion seem valid. Other examples I've seen use integration or differentiation to arrive at a similar conclusion.
 

What is a "proof" in the context of science?

A "proof" in science refers to a logical and evidence-based explanation or demonstration of a scientific concept or phenomenon. It involves using established scientific principles, methods, and data to support a hypothesis or theory.

What are some common mistakes or errors in scientific proofs?

Common mistakes or errors in scientific proofs include flawed experimental design, inaccurate data collection or analysis, and biased interpretations. Other factors such as human error, equipment malfunctions, and incomplete or insufficient evidence can also contribute to incorrect conclusions.

Why is it important to identify what's wrong with a proof?

Identifying what's wrong with a proof is crucial in science because it allows for the correction of errors and the improvement of scientific knowledge and understanding. By recognizing and addressing mistakes, scientists can refine their methods and theories, leading to more accurate and reliable conclusions.

How can scientists avoid making mistakes in their proofs?

To avoid making mistakes in their proofs, scientists use rigorous and systematic methods of experimentation, data analysis, and peer review. They also follow established scientific protocols and techniques, carefully document their procedures and findings, and remain open to criticism and feedback from their peers.

What should scientists do if they find an error in their own proof?

If a scientist finds an error in their own proof, they should first carefully review their methods, data, and interpretations to identify the source of the mistake. They should then make corrections or adjustments as needed and conduct further experiments or analyses to confirm their findings. It is also important for scientists to be transparent and acknowledge any errors or discrepancies in their work when presenting it to the scientific community.

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