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Physics
Beyond the Standard Models
Hybrid Manifold: A Unified Framework for Cosmology and Brane Theory
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[QUOTE="Zitterbewegung, post: 1008019"] Abstract: [Moderator's note: no responsibility for content. LM] This is an attempt to define a bulk which corresponds to both a string cosmological and brane cosmological formalism which disallows other branes that exist outside this universe. Our bulk is homogenous manifold similar to a Joyce manifold but this then glued at every point to an AdS4 which forms a surface to the manifold . This manifold forms the background of everything that exists. Definition of the Hybrid Manifold We define our bulk as continuous map of all points on a AdS4 (which may or may be periodic) manifold and the Joyce manifold. We state that the observation of the propagation of point particles is actually a reflection of the current shape of the Joyce manifold. On our manifold when the Joyce manifold bends or is warped then the AdS4 manifold's characteristics change as a result of the continuous mapping. In other words the AdS4 manifold shows the shape of the underlying substructure of the Joyce manifold. The Joyce manifold is bound to a certain set of shapes and transformations which must follow the laws of physics in the AdS4. But now we must extend the hybrid manifold to have properties that reflect current physical observations. We must have a manifold that is both restricted to a subset of shapes that can exist on the manifold. Also we must deal with the fact that energy is quantized. A quantization of energy using hybrid manifolds As a string moves through the part of our manifold that consists of the G2 manifold it bends the manifold slightly so that we can detect the point particle on the AdS4 space. The surface of our new manifold is glued and because of this it can reflect properties of its bending The reason we can detect different messenger particles is because as a string moves through our hybrid manifold it is bound at certain parts of the hybrid manifold due to the structure of the manifold. There are only a specific set of path's that the string can move through and that determines how the surface is bent. Another property is that due to quantization the vibrations of the string follow an ascending or descending chain of vibrational patters as the strings gain or lose energy. Therefore each string follows a set of vibrations given a specific amount of energy that a string possesses. Disallowing Violations of the Laws of Physics Certain properties of physics can be disallowed by the Joyce Manifold being unable to transform to that state because it is impossible. Certain holes that may occur may require a great deal of energy which are prohibitive to accomplish because they require a great deal of mass , energy, or mass/energy density. Therefore they would be difficult or maybe even impossible to accomplish. Gravity Representation There are two ways to represent gravity using this hybrid space. One way is to give it a formal messenger particle and have a given energy value for it. Another method is to say that gravity is a result of the specific shape of the Joyce manifold and requires no messenger particle whatsoever. This representation will be chosen once we have direct evidence for either outcome and may remain independent of the theory.Conjectures An interesting conclusion that we can get from this formalism is that we don't need a set of interacting branes to start the process of the formation of the universe. Instead some event must create a difference inside of the space and make it form into a stable state. Therefore we can confine the universe formation to just this brane. Another conclusion we might be able to draw is that the underlieing substructure allows for the space to be improbablly flat and bypasses all horizons by being glued to a singular space that influences all spacetime. That it is merely a propery of the substructure and independant of an alternate form of matter. [/QUOTE]
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Beyond the Standard Models
Hybrid Manifold: A Unified Framework for Cosmology and Brane Theory
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