Determining the Temperature of a Hydrogen Gas

In summary, The gas of hydrogen atoms has a fraction of atoms in the n=2 quantum state of 0.05. To find the temperature of the gas, the Boltzmann factor is used, which is exp(-E/kT)=0.05. However, since these are hydrogen atoms, it is not considered a diatomic gas and the energy of the gas cannot be taken as a factor of kT.
  • #1
captainjack2000
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0

Homework Statement


A gas of hydrogen atoms has a fraction of atoms found in the n=2 quantum state of 0.05. What is the temperature of the gas?


The Attempt at a Solution


I think the gas molecules have an energy E=5/2kT (rather than E=kT ?? because diatomic gases have 5 degrees of freedom?)

E=Ry(1/n^2)?

not sure how to continue
 
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  • #2
Since the question indicates these are hydrogen atoms, it is not considered a diatomic gas in this case.

Try looking up Boltzmann Factors in your textbook.
 
  • #3
So the Boltzmann factor is
exp(-E/kT)=0.05

I still don't understand what you would take as the energy of the gas. It can't have a factor of kT because then the T would cancel...
 

1. How is the temperature of a hydrogen gas determined?

The temperature of a hydrogen gas can be determined by using a thermometer or a thermocouple. The thermometer measures the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules, while the thermocouple measures the voltage difference between two wires made of different metals, which changes with temperature.

2. Can the temperature of a hydrogen gas be determined without using a thermometer?

Yes, the temperature of a hydrogen gas can also be determined by using the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure, volume, and number of moles of a gas are directly proportional to its temperature. By measuring the pressure and volume of the gas, the temperature can be calculated using this equation.

3. What factors can affect the accuracy of determining the temperature of a hydrogen gas?

The accuracy of determining the temperature of a hydrogen gas can be affected by factors such as external temperature, pressure, and humidity. These factors can impact the reading on a thermometer or the voltage difference on a thermocouple, resulting in a less accurate measurement.

4. Are there any safety precautions to consider when determining the temperature of a hydrogen gas?

Yes, it is important to handle hydrogen gas with caution as it is highly flammable. It is recommended to conduct experiments in a well-ventilated area and to use appropriate safety equipment, such as gloves and goggles. Additionally, be sure to follow proper procedures for handling and storing hydrogen gas.

5. How does the temperature of a hydrogen gas impact its behavior and properties?

The temperature of a hydrogen gas can greatly impact its behavior and properties. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules gain more kinetic energy and move faster, resulting in an increase in pressure and volume. This can also affect the solubility and reactivity of hydrogen gas in certain substances. Additionally, at extremely low temperatures, hydrogen gas can exhibit unique properties such as superfluidity and superconductivity.

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