# I need some help deriving the equation

1. Oct 5, 2011

### MrNerd

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
This is from Exploring Black Holes, Query 1, page G-3. It involves a one dimensional creature on a two dimensional circle.

Constant dl but different dx. Collect terms in equation [5]. Show that the result can be written dl$^{2}$ = $\frac{dx^{2}}{1 - x^{2}/r^{2}}$
Equation [5], involving dl, is for finding the length of a measuring rod of length dl along the circle, laid by the one dimensional creature.

2. Relevant equations
Equations in text for the chapter so far:
[1] r$^{2}$ = x$^{2}$ + y$^{2}$
[2] y$^{2}$ = r$^{2}$ - x$^{2}$
[3] 2ydy = -2xdy r = constant
[4] dy = -$\frac{xdx}{y}$ = -$\frac{xdx}{(r^{2} - x^{2})^{1/2}}$ r = constant
[5] dl$^{2}$ = dx$^{2}$ + dy$^{2}$ = dx$^{2}$ + $\frac{x^{2}dx^{2}}{(r^{2} - x^{2}}$ r = constant

3. The attempt at a solution
I've realized fairly easily that the bottom part of the equation I'm trying to get has an r$^{2}$ factored from the bottom. I haven't quite figured out where it went, though. The closest I've gotten is:

dy = -$\frac{xdx}{(r^{2} - x^{2})^{1/2}}$
Solving for dx, I get dx = -$\frac{dy(r^{2} - x^{2})^{1/2}}{x}$
I then input this into equation [5], getting dl$^{2}$ = $\frac{dy^{2}(r^{2} - x^{2})^{2}}{x^{2}}$ + $\frac{x^{2}dx^{2}}{(r^{2} - x^{2})}$ = $\frac{dy^{2}(r^{2} - x^{2})^{2} + x^{4}dx^{2}}{x^{2}(r^{2} - x^{2})}$
Then I moved the denominator over, dl$^{2}$x$^{2}$(r$^{2}$ - x$^{2}$) = dy$^{2}$(r$^{2}$ - x$^{2}$)$^{2}$ + x$^{4}$dx$^{2}$
Substituting the dy gives dl$^{2}$x$^{2}$(r$^{2}$ - x$^{2}$) = x$^{2}$dx$^{2}$ + x$^{4}$dx$^{2}$
Dividing the things by the dl gives dl$^{2}$ = $\frac{dx^{2}(1 + x^{2})}{(r^{2} - x^{2})}$ = $\frac{dx^{2}(1 + x^{2})}{r^{2}(1 - x^{2}/r^{2})}$
Clearly, the only stuck thing is the $\frac{(1 + x^{1})}{r^{2}}$. Does this mean anything, like it equals 1 or something, and I've just forgotten an identity? I've also tried a couple of other methods, but I would say this is pretty much what I get to. It may not make perfect sense, but I was running out of ideas, and this was the last thing I tried.

2. Oct 5, 2011

### daveb

Just look at [5] above and see where you can make the whole thing a single fraction.

3. Oct 5, 2011

### MrNerd

Aha! I got it now!

I did:
dl$^{2}$ = $\frac{dx^{2}(r^{2} - x^{2}) + x^{2}dx^{2}}{(r^{2} - x^{2})}$

$$dl^{2} = \frac{dx^{2}(r^{2} - x^{2} + x^{2})}{(r^{2} - x^{2})}$$

Canceling out the x$^{2}$s and dividing r$^{2}$ from top and bottom gets the answer.

I knew there was an obvious answer, I just couldn't see it. I guess I had a brain fart. Thanks for the help.

Last edited by a moderator: Oct 5, 2011
4. Oct 5, 2011

### Staff: Mentor

MrNerd - a tip
Instead of using a slew of itex /itex pairs of tags, put one itex tag at the beginning of your equation, and a /itex tag at the end of the equation.

For the 2nd equation above, I used a tex and /tex pair of tags. This makes fractions a little larger and easier to see.