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Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Proving Induction for All Integers
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[QUOTE="Mr Davis 97, post: 6020320, member: 515461"] [h2]Homework Statement [/h2] Let ##\phi : G \to H## be a homomorphism. Prove that ##\phi (x^n) = \phi (x)^n## for all ##n \in \mathbb{Z}## [h2]Homework Equations[/h2][h2]The Attempt at a Solution[/h2] First, we note that ##\phi (x^0) = \phi(x)^0##. This is because ##1_G \cdot 1_G = 1_G \implies \phi (1_G 1_G) = \phi (1_G) \implies \phi (1_G)^2 = \phi (1_G) \implies \phi (1_G) = 1_H##. Second, we show that ##\phi (x^n) = \phi (x)^n## where ##n \in \mathbb{Z}^+##. The base case is trivial. Now, suppose for some ##k## we have that ##\phi (x^k) = \phi (x)^k##. Then ##\phi (x^{k+1}) = \phi (x^k x) = \phi (x^k) \phi (x) = \phi (x)^k \phi (x) = \phi (x)^{k+1}##. This proves the result for positive integers. Third, we prove the result for negative integers. First, we show that ##\phi (x^{-1}) = \phi (x)^{-1}##. ##xx^{-1} = 1_G \implies \phi (xx^{-1}) = 1_H \implies \phi(x) \phi(x^{-1}) = 1_H \implies \phi (x^{-1}) = \phi(x)^{-1}##. So, since the result ##\phi (x^n) = \phi (x)^n## is true for all positive integers, the result ##\phi (x^{-n}) = = \phi ((x^{-1})^n) = \phi (x^{-1})^n = ( \phi (x)^{-1} )^n = \phi (x)^{-n}## must also be true for all positive integers. Is this argument fine? [/QUOTE]
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Proving Induction for All Integers
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