# Integration by parts

1. Jul 20, 2011

### ditaelita

Somebody could explain me, how of the second line arrive to the third one? in my book says that is integration by parts, please helpppp

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2. Jul 20, 2011

### ditaelita

the same is for this pleaseee :uhh:

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3. Jul 20, 2011

### hunt_mat

The first one is quite easy, you have $\delta \dot{\phi}=\partial_{t} \delta \phi$, now pat of the assumptions of calculus of variations is that the variation vanish at the boundaries. I think that will help you clear up your first problem.

How is quantum field theory treating you?

4. Jul 20, 2011

### ditaelita

yes the variation vanish at the booundaries but i try and get a differente solution mmmmm

I study classical field theory from Field Quantization-Greiner and Reinhardt

5. Jul 21, 2011

### hunt_mat

Okay you have:
$$\delta S = \int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \phi}\delta \phi +\frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\delta \dot{\phi} d^{3} \mathbf{x}$$
Using the hint that I gave:
$$\delta S = \int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \phi}\delta \phi +\frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\partial_{t}\delta \phi d^{3} \mathbf{x}$$
The second term can be integrated by parts to obtain:
$$\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\partial_{t}\delta \phi d^{3}\mathbf{x} =\left[ \frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\delta \phi\right]_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}-\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\delta \phi d^{3}\mathbf{x}$$
Putting this back in the same integral we have:
$$\delta S =\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \phi}\delta \phi -\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\frac{\delta L}{\delta \dot{\phi}}\delta \phi d^{3}\mathbf{x}$$
So you see now?

Last edited: Jul 21, 2011
6. Jul 21, 2011

### ditaelita

Thank youuuuuu so much, you're the best
I'm really happy

7. Jul 21, 2011

### ditaelita

Now I'll try the other one

8. Jul 21, 2011

### hunt_mat

For that one, take a simple case of where the field has one space variable, i.e. when $\phi \phi (t,x)$ It will be easier and give you a good feeling for the general case.