Jordan Canonical Form: Equivalent Operators A and B?

In summary, the question is whether the operators specified by the matrices A and B are equivalent. The eigenvalues and geometric multiplicities of both matrices are the same, but the book claims that the operators are not equivalent. The author suggests checking with the Jordan Normal Form, but both matrices are already in this form. It is unclear if this is a typo or if there is something else missing.
  • #1
psholtz
136
0

Homework Statement


Are the operators specified by the matrices:

[tex]A = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 2
\end{array}\right][/tex]

[tex]B = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}
4 & 1 & -1 \\
-6 & -1 & -3 \\
2 & 1 & 1
\end{array}\right][/tex]

equivalent?

Homework Equations


See below.


The Attempt at a Solution


My guess is that the answer is "yes", since the eigenvalues of both matrices is the same.

That is, the spectrum of both matrices is:

[tex]\sigma(A) = {1,1,2}[/tex]

[tex]\sigma(B) = {1,1,2}[/tex]

..and for matrix B, the geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue 1 is 1 (i.e., the eigenspace is of dimension 1, as is the case for matrix A).

However, the answer is in the book, and in the book they claim that in fact the operators are not equivalent.

Is this a typo, or am I missing something?
 
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  • #2
(I have tried to check with the Jordan Normal Form, but in both cases the matrix is already in Jordan Normal Form).
 

What is Jordan canonical form?

Jordan canonical form is a mathematical concept used in linear algebra to represent a square matrix in its simplest form. It is a way of breaking down a complex matrix into a block diagonal matrix, consisting of smaller Jordan blocks, which are either diagonal or have a specific form of non-zero elements.

Why is Jordan canonical form important?

Jordan canonical form is important because it allows us to simplify and understand the behavior of a linear transformation or system. It helps us to identify the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix, which are important in many applications such as differential equations, control theory, and data analysis.

How is Jordan canonical form calculated?

To calculate the Jordan canonical form of a matrix, we first find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. Then, we use these to construct the Jordan blocks, which are then arranged in a specific order to form the Jordan canonical form matrix. This process involves a series of transformations, including diagonalization and similarity transformations.

What are the applications of Jordan canonical form?

Jordan canonical form has various applications in mathematics, physics, and engineering. It is used in solving differential equations, understanding the stability of a system, and analyzing data in statistics and machine learning. It also has applications in quantum mechanics, signal processing, and image processing.

What are the limitations of Jordan canonical form?

The Jordan canonical form is only applicable to square matrices. It also has limited use for matrices with repeated eigenvalues. Furthermore, it may not be unique for some matrices, and finding the Jordan canonical form can be computationally intensive for large matrices.

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