Kinematics vs Energy Approach (work done on an accelerating car by the engine)

[John Mohr]

Homework Statement:

A 2500 kg car changes from a velocity of 15 m/s to 25 m/s over a distance of 450 m. What is the work done on the car by the engine?

Relevant Equations:

W = Fd, Delta E = 1/2mdeltav^2
W = delta E

Hello,
For some reason I'm not seeing something in working out a question two ways. The question I'm working through reads:

"A 2500 kg car changes from a velocity of 15 m/s to 25 m/s over a distance of 450 m. What is the work done on the car by the engine?"

I've attached my quandry. I've surmised that the work-energy theorm can be used. Furthermore, that on the work side, I could use kinematics and on the energy side, find the change in kinetic energy. But I don't come up with the same answer on each side? This is mostly because of the difference between (vf^2-vi^2) and (vf-vi)^2. I've attached some handwritten work.

Does anyone see my error?

John

 

[TSny]

In your handwritten work, you did not calculate the change in kinetic energy correctly.
$KE_f - KE_i \neq \frac 1 2 m (\Delta v)^2$.

 

[John Mohr]

Very good! For some reason, I've used 1/2m(deltav)^2 in the past. This is my mistake.
Is there any use for this expression or is this completely wrong and never used?

 

[kuruman]

Homework Statement:: A 2500 kg car changes from a velocity of 15 m/s to 25 m/s over a distance of 450 m. What is the work done on the car by the engine?
Relevant Equations:: W = Fd, Delta E = 1/2mdeltav^2
W = delta E

Hello,
For some reason I'm not seeing something in working out a question two ways. The question I'm working through reads:

"A 2500 kg car changes from a velocity of 15 m/s to 25 m/s over a distance of 450 m. What is the work done on the car by the engine?"

I've attached my quandry. I've surmised that the work-energy theorm can be used. Furthermore, that on the work side, I could use kinematics and on the energy side, find the change in kinetic energy. But I don't come up with the same answer on each side? This is mostly because of the difference between (vf^2-vi^2) and (vf-vi)^2. I've attached some handwritten work.

Does anyone see my error?

John

Your error is that you wrote the work-energy theorem incorrectly. You have

The right hand side should be the change in kinetic energy $\Delta K= \frac{1}{2}mv_f^2-\frac{1}{2}mv_i^2$, i.e. subtract the initial KE from the final KE.

 

[TSny]

Very good! For some reason, I've used 1/2m(deltav)^2 in the past. This is my mistake.
Is there any use for this expression or is this completely wrong and never used?

I don't know of any use for the expression $\frac 1 2 m (\Delta v)^2$. I recommend that you trash it.

 

[John Mohr]

I don't know of any use for the expression $\frac 1 2 m (\Delta v)^2$.

Thank you so much for your help!

 

[John Mohr]

@TSny @kuruman
This is crazy to realize for me. I've been teaching it this way for years and many other teachers I know teach it this way too. This video segment is a prime example. It's amazing how these things make their way into our misunderstandings.
Thanks again.
John

 

[TSny]

@TSny @kuruman
This is crazy to realize for me. I've been teaching it this way for years and many other teachers I know teach it this way too. This video segment is a prime example. It's amazing how these things make their way into our misunderstandings.
Thanks again.
John

Yes, the video is incorrect in the way it solved for $\Delta v$. The final answer for $v_f$ happened to come out right because $v_i = 0$ in the example.

$\Delta (v^2)$ will equal $(\Delta v)^2$ only if $v_i = 0$ or if $v_f = v_i$ (trivial).

Note that $\frac 1 2 m (\Delta v)^2$ is always nonnegative. But we know we can have situations where the KE decreases; that is, $\Delta KE$ is negative.

 

[haruspex]

@TSny @kuruman
This is crazy to realize for me. I've been teaching it this way for years and many other teachers I know teach it this way too. This video segment is a prime example. It's amazing how these things make their way into our misunderstandings.
Thanks again.
John

I cannot make that link work. Just stuck on some ad that won't play.
Seems to me you confused $\Delta(v^2)$ with $(\Delta(v))^2$.

 

[nasu]

@TSny @kuruman
I've been teaching it this way for years and many other teachers I know teach it this way too.

This is scary, if true. What kind of teachers? Grade school teachers?

 

[hutchphd]

@TSny @kuruman
This is crazy to realize for me. I've been teaching it this way for years and many other teachers I know teach it this way too. This video segment is a prime example. It's amazing how these things make their way into our misunderstandings.
Thanks again.
John

On the segment you supply the instructor explicitly emphasizes that the form he wrote is good only for v_(initial)=0. You should indeed be concerned.

 

[kuruman]

I cannot make that link work. Just stuck on some ad that won't play.
Seems to me you confused $\Delta(v^2)$ with $(\Delta(v))^2$.

I got a "Skip Ad" 5 s count down timer on the video lower right.

Seems to me you confused $\Delta(v^2)$ with $(\Delta(v))^2$.

I find the interpretation of the term $\Delta (v^2)$ ambiguous. It is obvious from the context how you mean it here but, when doing error analysis, one also writes $\Delta (v^2)=2v\Delta v$. That could be confusing to beginners who have not yet mastered the subtleties of when one uses just a "$-$" sign, a "$\Delta$", a "$\delta$" or a "$d$" to denote a difference between two quantities.