Laser Cutting Machines: What Cuts Steel?

[Dav333]

Just curious after watching some lasers cutting 5mm thick steel sheets very fast, what is exactly cutting the steel?

Is it just a laser beam? Light only? The machines run on bottles of gas, so if not, what exactly is the beam made of?

thanks

 

[Hypersphere]

Yes, the material is cut using the laser beam. Light only. The used lasers are high power gas lasers. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting

To keep up the high power output you need a rather pure gas atmosphere. Sadly you can't just seal the resonator tube and let it be, because the laser beam starts reactions disassociating the gas molecules and leading to impurities. Depending on the machine design, this lasing gas is either continually replaced or replaced after a certain period of time.

The gas tubes you have seen are likely either used for that purpose or for assist gas. The assist gas is blown on the sheet to remove molten material and speed up the production. Nitrogen is the most common assist gas out there, as it also inhibits oxidization along the edges.

 

[Dav333]

thanks. further reading: n the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output with the gas:, understand more now.

amazing the end result is just light that cuts so fast & so precise. Even cut wood & hardly burned it. The nozzles are super high heat resistance.

 

[xxChrisxx]

The light beam melts/vapourises the material and that's what does the cutting, like any heat cutting system it'll leave a heat affected zone around the cut.

 

[sardar]

I can provide some insight into the process of laser cutting and what exactly is cutting the steel. Laser cutting machines use a high-powered laser beam to melt, burn, or vaporize the material being cut. In the case of steel, the laser beam is powerful enough to melt through the steel and create a precise cut.

The laser beam itself is not made of gas, but rather it is generated by a laser source such as a CO2 or fiber laser. These lasers use electricity to excite gas molecules, creating a concentrated beam of light at a specific wavelength. This beam is then directed through a series of mirrors and lenses to focus it into a small spot, allowing for precise cutting.

The speed at which the laser cuts through steel is determined by the power of the laser beam and the material properties of the steel. Thicker steel sheets may require a higher power laser or multiple passes to achieve a clean cut.

So, in summary, it is not just light that is cutting the steel, but rather the intense heat generated by the laser beam. The gas is used to power the laser source, which in turn produces the laser beam. I hope this helps to answer your question.