A tokamak is a machine used in nuclear fusion research to create a plasma, which is a state of matter where atoms are stripped of their electrons and become positively charged ions. The plasma is then heated to extremely high temperatures to initiate nuclear fusion reactions.
A tokamak works by using powerful magnets to contain and shape the plasma in a doughnut-shaped vessel called a torus. The plasma is then heated with powerful radio waves or particle beams to initiate fusion reactions. The magnetic field also helps to control and stabilize the plasma.
The goal of learning about tokamaks is to develop a sustainable and clean source of energy through nuclear fusion. If successful, tokamaks could provide an almost limitless supply of energy with no greenhouse gas emissions.
One of the main challenges of using tokamaks for fusion energy is controlling and sustaining the extremely high temperatures and pressures needed for fusion reactions. Additionally, the materials used to contain the plasma must be able to withstand intense heat and radiation without degrading.
If successful, tokamaks could provide a nearly inexhaustible source of clean energy, with no risk of nuclear meltdowns or long-term radioactive waste. This could greatly reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and help mitigate the effects of climate change.