Exploring Time Travel and the Speed of Light: A Scientific Perspective

In summary, the conversation discusses the possibility of traveling close to the speed of light, and the concept of time slowing down as one approaches this speed. It also delves into the idea of traveling faster than light and how it may affect time and movement through space. The conversation also touches on the theoretical existence of tachyons and their potential for communication from the future to the past. Overall, the conversation covers various aspects of special and general relativity and their implications on time and space travel.
  • #1
c0ke
2
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Hi, I'm not sure if this is the right sub-forum because i know very little about this kind of stuff :/ But something has been bugging me for a while and it's probably very stupid but like i said, I know very little :)

So, from what i understand if we can travel close to the speed of light we will be traveling into the future? So this leaves me with a question, why doesn't light itself travel into the future? They say it could take so and so millions of years for a light from a distant star to reach us, but sinse it's traveling so fast how come it doesn't reach us sooner, by traveling into the future sinse it's, well.. light speed :/

Another question, some day we'll probably have some kind of spacecraft that will go quicker than light - we have to if we want to explore other galaxies within a humans life span, but i heard that if you travel FASTER than light, you go back in time, how will this affect getting to other galaxies? it's almost like rowing backwards to get down a river :/

I'm not very good with explaining this kind of stuff & english isn't my mother language so sorry if it's a bit messy :)

thanks!
 
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  • #2
I too, am quite new to physics, but i believe i have a rough answer to your question,

I think, you're missing a small point, which is that, we don't so much, travel to the future, but instead, our time, relative to those not moving slows down, what this means, is that someone close to the speed of light, will age slower, than someone standing still.

If you consider special relativity, you can build up in image of space-time, where everything travels at the same speed (3x10^8 m/s or so) and everything divides that speed between the two factors of distance within space-time, being, ofcourse, space and time. Light it self then, does not "experience" time. It doesn't travel across time, but instead used all its spacetime quota on traveling through space.

As far as a spaceship traveling faster than the speed of light, and moving backwards in time. Unfortunately, another concept, which i believe also makes up special relativity, is that as we increase our speed (or kinetic energy), our mass will also increase (described by Einsteins most famous equation). What this means to us, is that the faster we get, the more mass we have, and as we approach the speed of light, we become so massive, that AT the speed of light, our mass is infinite. Now, to pass this point, we would need an infinite amount of energy, which is quite hard to come by. So traveling backwards in time, is still a long stretch.

Just to branch off, it's worth considering tachyons, which ALWAYS travel faster than the speed of light, and it would take infinite energy to slow the down to sub-luminal speeds.

Hope that helps, and i look forward to being corrected by someone significantly more intelligent than me!
 
  • #3
tachyons are theoreticly ;) Probably can't and don't excist

But ofcourse never say neveralso to answer some questions :)
light does go at the speed of light ;) and it takes so long simply 'cause the stars are so far away !

For example as you should know our solar system is very very very small if you compare it to the universe.
But already light takes about 8 mins to travel from the sun to Earth !
so that means that the sun is at a distance 8 x 60 x 300 000km !

Ofcourse if you did realize this and you are wondering why it doesn't "time travel". It's like the previous guy said :)
Special relativity says that "time goes slower when you are going fast"

Imagine you have a clock in your hand and you are running very fast around the world.
People will see your clock ticking more slowly and you will see people their clock going faster then yours. For example for you 5 seconds will have passed on your clock. But for the other people on Earth a day will have passed.

It's the same way for light. For light from our perspective it's like light his clock has stopped. But our clock on Earth is still ticking while it travels to earth.

Well it's quite confusing ;) but relativity is sometimes just weird
 
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  • #4
what affect does going faster than light have on the clock? does the clock tick backwards? :p
 
  • #5
Theoretically, yes, although, as explained, this is simply impossible.
 
  • #6
If you travel close to the speed of light you are simply aging slower from the point of view of stars etc. who 'see' you moving fast. You can, in principle, travel to distant stars without aging much. Rather than traveling into the future, it is probably better to think of 'suspended animation' applied to everything on your rocket (clocks, all physical processes). There are probably insurmountable problems achieving even this, in practice (impossible fuel requirements, even assuming such things as 'antimatter engines'; impossible shield requirements - a speck of dust hitting your craft would deliver the energy of a nuclear bomb to your craft).

As for traveling faster than light, nothing much scientific can be said about it. There are some extreme scenarios in general relativity allowing for faster than light travel (traversible wormholes, Alcubierre drive), but they involve such far fetched conditions (enormous amounts of negative energy) and properties that they don't really allow one to say anything about 'what would faster than light travel be like if it could be achieved'. The only thing you can say is that actual faster than light travel is so far outside of known physics, it cannot be addressed as a scientific question.

As for tachyons (for which extensive searches have turned up no evidence), if they exist, and could be generated 'at will', they would allow communication from the future to the past (look up tachyonic antitelephone). If certain limitations on their creation exist, such communication can be avoided. They would not be relevant to transportation - a tachyon always travels faster than light, and can never slow down, any more than matter can reach or exceed the speed of light. You cannot change matter to be tachyons, then back to matter.

Here is a discussion of the fuel issues:

http://www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Relativity/SR/rocket.html

The shielding issues are a direct consequence of the relativistic kinetic energy and doppler formulas.
 
  • #7
welcome to pf!

hi c0ke! welcome to pf! :smile:
c0ke said:
what affect does going faster than light have on the clock? does the clock tick backwards? :p

no

loosely speaking, it ticks sideways! :rolleyes:

to be precise, the time dilation of a clock moving at speed v (the rate of that clock divided by the rate of a stationary clock) is √(1 - v2/c2)

for v = 0, that's 1 (obviously, the two clocks have the same rate)

for 0 < v < c, it's less than 1, and approaching 0

for v = c, it's 0​

and for v > c, it's imaginary!

… there simply is no mathematical justification for the standard science-fiction rule that moving faster than light makes you age backwards

(the time dilation of a moving clock is the same as the slowing-down of ageing of a person)

the meaning of this is that if you and i both have clocks, and if your speed relative to me is v, then:

if v < c, then we can adjust our clocks so that my measurement of the rate of your clock is the same as your measurement of the rate of my clock

in particular, if (before adjusting the clocks) i regard your clock as running at a rate A, and you regard my clock as running at a rate B, then AB = 1 - v2/c2, which is positive, and we can easily adjust one or both clocks so that the rates are the same :smile:

but if v > c, that's not possible … AB has to be negative! … if i regard your clock as running forwards, then you must regard my clock as running backward … we cannot adjust one or both clocks so that the rates are the same, or even so that they are in the same direction :redface:
 
  • #8
c0ke said:
So, from what i understand if we can travel close to the speed of light we will be traveling into the future?
You travel into the future just sitting in place too.
 
  • #9
Hi there, new to this group. My understanding is that light has a speed which if I can remember right is 2.997925 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s. It takes light 8 1/2 minutes to travel 93 million miles(distance from the sun to earth) this means that light travels 93 million miles in 8 1/2 minutes.
With this in mind, and I will come back to it, it has been proven that a small time difference can occur with speed. I believe the experiment was with an aircraft and on returning to the starting point the time was different, any hows I think there have been numerous experiments documenting this fact. Now if the equation can be determined which slows time down, surely the faster the speed, the greater the variable will be regarding time. If you could determine the amount of difference between times at certain speeds, and then work out how much the speed of light would differ the time difference, you have a starting point.
The problem I see is that time can never be stopped, but could theoretically be slowed down to such a degree that it would seem that time is no longer passing. You can sort of work it out, in my mind, like this. If you double the speed at which light travels, theoretically, you halve the time light takes to reach another point, ie, double speed of light, it then only takes 4 1/4 minutes to reach Earth from sun and so on, eventually the light being instantaneous no matter what the distance, this point theoretically being the speed of time. The only barrier I see goes back to a different theory which is that if you halve the distance you take towards a wall each step you take, you will not actually reach the wall, but the distances would become so small, down to the size of atoms and beyond, that it would appear that the goal has been reached. The problem as I see it, is that there is no way of being able to prove the theory practically, but it would be able to be worked out theoretically. In conclusion, I believe that time cannot be stopped, but only slowed down to a degree to which it appears to be stopped, and the speed in which you would need to travel would be unnattainable.
 
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  • #10
mrfrosty said:
Hi there, new to this group. My understanding is that light has a speed which if I can remember right is 2.997925 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s. It takes light 8 1/2 minutes to travel 93 million miles(distance from the sun to earth) with this in mind, and I will come back to it, it has been proven that a small time difference can occur with speed. I believe the experiment was with an aircraft and on return journey, time was different, any hows I think there have been n umerous experiments documenting this fact. Now if the speed can be determined which slows time down, surely the faster the speed, the greater the variable will be regarding time. If you could determine the aqmount of difference between times at a certain speed, and then work out how much the speed of light would differ the time difference would be, you have a starting point. The problem I see is that time can never be stopped, but could theoretically be slowed down to such a degree that it would seem that time is no longer passing. You can sort of work it out in my mind like this. If you double the speed at which light travels, theoretically, you halve the time light takes to reach another point, ie, double speed of light, it then only takes 4 1/4 minutes to reach Earth from sun and so on. The only barrier I see goes back to a different theory which is that if you halve the distance you take towards a wall each step you take, you will not actually reach the wall, but the distances would become so small, down to the size of atoms and beyond, that it would appear that the goal has been reached. The problem as I see it, is that there is no way of being able to prove the theory practically, but it would be able to be worked out theoretically. In conclusion, I believe that time cannot be stopped, but only slowed down to a degree to which it appears to be stopped, and the speed in which you would need to travel would be unnattainable.

You misunderstand. Time dilation is something that a stationary observer (relative to a moving object) observes in the moving object. The OBJECT does NOT observe anything out of the ordinary.

The equations that show the degree of time dilation relative to your speed as a percentage of light speed are quite well known.
 
  • #11
Surely then the amount of time dilation can be made greater or lesser dependant on the speed, so the object that dilates time does not see any difference within itself, but sees the difference on objects not within its dilation, therefore, you mkust be able to reach a point where dilation is so great that it appears that the outside objects are at a standstill.
 
  • #12
mrfrosty said:
Surely then the amount of time dilation can be made greater or lesser dependant on the speed, so the object that dilates time does not see any difference within itself, but sees the difference on objects not within its dilation, therefore, you mkust be able to reach a point where dilation is so great that it appears that the outside objects are at a standstill.

Well, 'outside' is pretty ambiguous. If you see objects moving at extremely near c relative to you, it will appear that all physical processes on them are at a virtual standstill. However, they will see your processes at virtual standstill as well. You only get mutually agreed difference in accumulated time if two observers separate and come back together. Then, for example, if one of them never accelerated, and the other did (in order to turn around and rejoin the first), then the one that turned around will have aged less.
 
  • #13
mrfrosty said:
Surely then the amount of time dilation can be made greater or lesser dependant on the speed, so the object that dilates time does not see any difference within itself ...

I'm not clear on what you mean by this but just to be sure you understand, the moving object does not experience time dilation. Period. It is not a function of speed.
 
  • #14
phinds said:
I'm not clear on what you mean by this but just to be sure you understand, the moving object does not experience time dilation. Period. It is not a function of speed.

Well, for what one observer determines about various particles, it is *only* a question of speed of those particles per that observer.
 
  • #15
PAllen said:
Well, for what one observer determines about various particles, it is *only* a question of speed of those particles per that observer.

I don't follow. Can you expand a bit, please.
 
  • #16
c0ke said:
Hi, I'm not sure if this is the right sub-forum because i know very little about this kind of stuff :/ But something has been bugging me for a while and it's probably very stupid but like i said, I know very little :)

So, from what i understand if we can travel close to the speed of light we will be traveling into the future? So this leaves me with a question, why doesn't light itself travel into the future? They say it could take so and so millions of years for a light from a distant star to reach us, but sinse it's traveling so fast how come it doesn't reach us sooner, by traveling into the future sinse it's, well.. light speed :/

Another question, some day we'll probably have some kind of spacecraft that will go quicker than light - we have to if we want to explore other galaxies within a humans life span, but i heard that if you travel FASTER than light, you go back in time, how will this affect getting to other galaxies? it's almost like rowing backwards to get down a river :/

I'm not very good with explaining this kind of stuff & english isn't my mother language so sorry if it's a bit messy :)

thanks!

I think this has already been handled brilliantly but I'll try to offer my own more semantically-orientated explanation.

It's hard to tell how a beam of light experiences the flow of time if you were put into it as an observer, but it is known that at the speed of light c time is effectively frozen.

According to modern theories, nothing can travel faster than lightspeed. As you accelerate towards that speed, the closer you get to becoming frozen in time - you are slowing down in time - but from your perspective time flows naturally and the effect of this is that your observed surroundings speed up (even though you are moving towards it, the beam of light still travels away at c from your perspective!) The thing is, an object of mass cannot reach c, but it can try and get as close as it can.
It is because of this that light always travels at c from any perspective; whether you are stationary, moving, accelerating, decelerating - time and space will always dilate to compensate and ensure that the rule (light always travels at c) is not broken.

This is why a lightbeam can only travel one lightyear per year. Travelling into the future only means the slowing down of your state as you move, there is no jumping. Theoretically, if you were to travel fast enough in a spacecraft that can almost hit lightspeed, you can travel for millions of years and reach distant galaxies while - inside the craft - you experience time normally and you could reach them within your natural lifespan. The universe outside your spaceship is literally whizzing by in time to make sure that a beam of light traveling ahead of you still manages to get away at the speed c.

I hope this helps build your insight to this wonderful theory :)
 
  • #17
Capngarrett said:
It's hard to tell how a beam of light experiences the flow of time if you were put into it as an observer, but it is known that at the speed of light c time is effectively frozen.

No, it's not "hard", it's impossible. A photon doesn't HAVE a reference frame, so the question of how light experiences time or velocity is meaningless.

Theoretically, if you were to travel fast enough in a spacecraft that can almost hit lightspeed, you can travel for millions of years and reach distant galaxies while - inside the craft - you experience time normally and you could reach them within your natural lifespan.

You do not travel for millions of years, you travel for a few years. Earthbound observers, could they live long enough and see far enough, would SEE you traveling for millions of years but that is meaningless to you.
 
  • #18
phinds said:
I don't follow. Can you expand a bit, please.

Given any observer studying a bunch of particles, e.g. with identical decay rates at rest. Nothing but their speed (not direction, not acceleration) determines how slow their observed decay rate is compared to their rest rate, for that observer.

It is true the moving particle (or and observer moving with it) experiences no time dilation. However, for every observer, the the time dilation observed for moving objects depends only on their speed (in SR; let's avoid GR for now). This is what is normally meant by time dilation. The dependence only on speed is the 'clock hypothesis', only it is more of experimental fact as well as a prediction of SR.
 
  • #19
PAllen said:
Given any observer studying a bunch of particles, e.g. with identical decay rates at rest. Nothing but their speed (not direction, not acceleration) determines how slow their observed decay rate is compared to their rest rate, for that observer.

It is true the moving particle (or and observer moving with it) experiences no time dilation. However, for every observer, the the time dilation observed for moving objects depends only on their speed (in SR; let's avoid GR for now). This is what is normally meant by time dilation. The dependence only on speed is the 'clock hypothesis', only it is more of experimental fact as well as a prediction of SR.

Yes, that makes perfect sense. Thanks. So the hypothetical earthbound observer would see particles on the near-light-speed vehicle decay at phenomenally slow rates and the oberver on the ship would see nothing strange.
 
  • #20
phinds said:
Yes, that makes perfect sense. Thanks. So the hypothetical earthbound observer would see particles on the near-light-speed vehicle decay at phenomenally slow rates and the oberver on the ship would see nothing strange.

Exactly.
 
  • #21
phinds said:
1.No, it's not "hard", it's impossible. A photon doesn't HAVE a reference frame, so the question of how light experiences time or velocity is meaningless.



2.You do not travel for millions of years, you travel for a few years. Earthbound observers, could they live long enough and see far enough, would SEE you traveling for millions of years but that is meaningless to you.

1. I said 'if you were put into it as an observer' as an abstract thought which - I thought - clarified that I was talking loosely.

2. I know - I explained that in the very same sentence! The OP stated that English was not their mother-tongue, so I was trying not to convolute the explanation by adding a reference point every few words.

I'm sure that without a pedantic, critical approach, my post is followed easily enough. Even with these points made I still see no problem with it, but thank you anyway for the input.
 
  • #22
phinds said:
No, it's not "hard", it's impossible. A photon doesn't HAVE a reference frame, so the question of how light experiences time or velocity is meaningless.
You do not travel for millions of years, you travel for a few years. Earthbound observers, could they live long enough and see far enough, would SEE you traveling for millions of years but that is meaningless to you.
lol I'll take a shot at the impossible then.

Time & length are defined by c. So as Capngarrett puts it "It's hard to tell how a beam of light experiences the flow of time if you were put into it as an observer," is a situation where time & length cannot be defined. they're null. Or again, as Capngarrett puts it "time is effectively frozen". As you put it; an FoR cannot be defined.

Oh wait you said "A photon doesn't HAVE a reference frame.." that's wrong Phinds, a reference frame is not something one can have. It may confuse people into thinking "I will just apply this FoR to this photon, and there it is; an FoR for a photon." It should be said as "A reference frame cannot be defined for a photon (by a photon)." :rolleyes: )

This is meaningless from a purely physical perspective.
It's really neat from a "what is time in SR" perspective.for the second issue you take with Capngarrett...
Actually it's both, he travels for millions of years & for only a few years. Both are observed physical realities. This isn't even similar to the first comment where you had a point.

It is not at all meaningless to the traveling observer, let alone to the one imagining this scenario. The twin paradox has been resolved. Why do you find such a cool fact of physics as meaningless? Is time meaningless to you?Lastly Capngarrett's post was pretty accurate. It is very interesting you missed the most obvious erroneous comment he/she made that isn't semantics but is about the mechanics.

"As you accelerate towards that speed, the closer you get to becoming frozen in time - you are slowing down in time - but from your perspective time flows naturally and the effect of this is that your observed surroundings speed up"Can you spot it phinds? Given the accuracy of the rest of Capngarrett's post, I'd bet he/she could correct it to be a more accurate statement of SR, in other words it was merely an oversight.

I hear you Capngarrett (post #21), posting on PF will condition you to perform the nearly impossible task of writing comments that are semantically pleasing for the layman on through to the most annal "physicist". (don't get me wrong, in summation it's what makes the site awesome, just remember not every member "corrects" other posters for the right reasons & will sacrifice the message of SR in the process)
 
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  • #23
nitsuj said:
"As you accelerate towards that speed, the closer you get to becoming frozen in time - you are slowing down in time - but from your perspective time flows naturally and the effect of this is that your observed surroundings speed up"

Can you spot it?

I hear you Capngarrett, posting on PF will condition you to perform the nearly impossible task of writing comments that are semantically pleasing for the layman on through to the most annal "physicist". (don't get me wrong, in summation it's what makes the site awesome)

Ouch, you really skewered me there! By observed surroundings I should have stated 'the universe through the window', not the interior of the craft.
Is that what you meant? Or am I still wrong?

I also disagree with the 'meaningless' nature of perceived time from an outside perspective. Considering this is a forum of the theories of relativity, I would have thought that observed effects from a different POV would have been paramount to the scenario!
 
  • #24
Capngarrett said:
Ouch, you really skewered me there! By observed surroundings I should have stated 'the universe through the window', not the interior of the craft.
Is that what you meant? Or am I still wrong?

I also disagree with the 'meaningless' nature of perceived time from an outside perspective. Considering this is a forum of the theories of relativity, I would have thought that observed effects from a different POV would have been paramount to the scenario!

No, if your rocket is inertial (you don't feel acceleration), and stars and planets outside are moving by at near lightspeed, they will appear to have clocks, radioactive decay, aging, etc. going very slow compared to you - by exactly the same amount as your time rate appears slow to them. This effect is completely symmetric as long as motion is inertial. [There can be asymmetries if one or both observers accelerate].
 
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  • #25
Capngarrett said:
Ouch, you really skewered me there!

Dude I was sticking up for you. I discredited phinds cold response of "corrections", and then pointed out that the only error in your post was a small one & probably just an oversight. (just like phinds oversight of the mechanics error) I guess it wasn't, but still; it wasn't a "skewering" was it? Sorry if it was, it wasn't my intention to "skewer" you.
 
  • #26
Capngarrett said:
I also disagree with the 'meaningless' nature of perceived time from an outside perspective. Considering this is a forum of the theories of relativity, I would have thought that observed effects from a different POV would have been paramount to the scenario!

Yea describing time dilation as meaningless is a poor choice of words imo. Funny how it was used in a retort about semantics.

very clearly it has physical meaning, so I am unsure how it is meaningless, let alone physically meaningless.
 
  • #27
nitsuj said:
Dude I was sticking up for you. I discredited phinds cold response of "corrections", and then pointed out that the only error in your post was a small one & probably just an oversight. (just like phinds oversight of the mechanics error) I guess it wasn't, but still; it wasn't a "skewering" was it? Sorry if it was, it wasn't my intention to "skewer" you.

Yeah, I know, it's very much appreciated! I guess we have different interpretations of the word. For me, it was just a 'you got me!' remark. :tongue: I enjoyed your post very much.

No, if your rocket is inertial (you don't feel acceleration), and stars and planets outside are moving by at near lightspeed, they will appear to have clocks, radioactive decay, aging, etc. going very slow compared to you - by exactly the same amount as your time rate appears slow to them. This effect is completely symmetric as long as motion is inertial. [There can be asymmetries if one or both observers accelerate].

Right, okay. So does clock drift only occur during acceleration? Is there ever a scenario where you could observe a point whose 'clock' is ticking faster than your own?

My confusion arises froms the Twins Paradox - if I imagine myself as the twin on the space journey, and there was a way that I could observe Earth's 'clock' during the entirety of my journey, I would have to witness it ticking faster than my own for the earthbound twin to overtake me, right? Or does this simultaneity not exist?

Actually, let me ask you in the form of a thought experiment if you'll indulge me:
Say I was alongside an infinite line of clocks at rest. I am synchronised with them as I am at rest with them. At what rate would I see them tick in comparison to a clock on my reference-body as I...
1. accelerate towards c?
2. move at a constant speed very close to c?
3. decelerate?
4. come to rest?
 
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  • #28
Capngarrett said:
Right, okay. So does clock drift only occur during acceleration? Is there ever a scenario where you could observe a point whose 'clock' is ticking faster than your own?

My confusion arises froms the Twins Paradox - if I imagine myself as the twin on the space journey, and there was a way that I could observe Earth's 'clock' during the entirety of my journey, I would have to witness it ticking faster than my own for the earthbound twin to overtake me, right? Or does this simultaneity not exist? Is there no way to even compare them in a thought experiment?

There are several scenarios where you can observe another clock going faster than yours. If you are circling another clock (e.g. held by a tether from an axis) maintaining constant speed, you will see the central clock going fast all the time; it will see your clock going slow, all the time. This is an example of non-inertial motion producing asymmetric situations.

In the twin paradox, you have to be careful what you mean by 'see'. Visually, each twin sees the other's clock going fast for a period of time. For the 'stay at home' twin, the rocket clock 'looks' fast for a short time when the rocket is almost home. For the rocket twin, the stay at home twin's clock 'looks' fast for half the time for the rocked twin. This is one of the best ways to understand the twin paradox. However, these appearances are due to the doppler effect of approaching signals. If you factor out the doppler effect (as is often done), then both twin's see the other's clock going slow at all times. If you do this (factor out doppler), then the twin discrepancy is explained by a shift in simultaneity that occurs during the turnaround.
 
  • #29
PAllen said:
There are several scenarios where you can observe another clock going faster than yours. If you are circling another clock (e.g. held by a tether from an axis) maintaining constant speed, you will see the central clock going fast all the time; it will see your clock going slow, all the time. This is an example of non-inertial motion producing asymmetric situations.

In the twin paradox, you have to be careful what you mean by 'see'. Visually, each twin sees the other's clock going fast for a period of time. For the 'stay at home' twin, the rocket clock 'looks' fast for a short time when the rocket is almost home. For the rocket twin, the stay at home twin's clock 'looks' fast for half the time for the rocked twin. This is one of the best ways to understand the twin paradox. However, these appearances are due to the doppler effect of approaching signals. If you factor out the doppler effect (as is often done), then both twin's see the other's clock going slow at all times. If you do this (factor out doppler), then the twin discrepancy is explained by a shift in simultaneity that occurs during the turnaround.

I was thinking Doppler effect when someone told me that a clock ticks faster than your own as it approaches, normalises as it passes, and then runs slow as it moves away. Is this true even for inertial motion?

I also added this into my previous post hoping that I'd catch you before you replied (you were too quick) :redface:

Actually, let me ask you in the form of a thought experiment if you'll indulge me:
Say I was alongside an infinite line of clocks at rest. I am synchronised with them as I am at rest with them. At what rate would I see them tick in comparison to a clock on my reference-body as I...
1. accelerate towards c?
2. move at a constant speed very close to c?
3. decelerate?
4. come to rest?
 
  • #30
PAllen said:
If you factor out the doppler effect (as is often done), then both twin's see the other's clock going slow at all times. If you do this (factor out doppler), then the twin discrepancy is explained by a shift in simultaneity that occurs during the turnaround.
Only if you don't put the common origin of the rocket twin's two frames at the turnaround event. You make him jump frames in a discontinuous way which creates the artificial shift in simultaneity. If you put the origins of the two frames at the same event as the turnaround, this shift in simultaneity won't occur.

Or if you just use one frame to analyze the entire scenario, there won't be any shifts in simultaneity no matter which frame you use.
 
  • #31
Capngarrett said:
I was thinking Doppler effect when someone told me that a clock ticks faster than your own as it approaches, normalises as it passes, and then runs slow as it moves away. Is this true even for inertial motion?

Yes, this is true of inertial motion, if you mean 'visually see' ticks faster/slower, etc. If you factor out doppler, the moving clock would be considered slow the whole time.
 
  • #32
ghwellsjr said:
Only if you don't put the common origin of the rocket twin's two frames at the turnaround event. You make him jump frames in a discontinuous way which creates the artificial shift in simultaneity. If you put the origins of the two frames at the same event as the turnaround, this shift in simultaneity won't occur.

Or if you just use one frame to analyze the entire scenario, there won't be any shifts in simultaneity no matter which frame you use.

I thought it was clear I was describing a non-inertial frame (coordinates) for the rocket in which the rocket is always the origin of said frame. I do not believe which point on such a time axis you declare to be t=0 has any impact on simultaneity. As for discontinuity, you can obviously replace it with an arbitrarily short continuous turnaround.

(The surface of simultaneity is function purely of a world line, and is conventionally taken to be the 3-surface 4-orthogonal to the world line at a given point).

My main point, I thought was clear, was to point out that if the rocket factored out doppler, they would always interpret stay at home twin going slow (except possibly during turnaround, and this portion can be made insignificant). If this is done, you can make various interpretations of the turnaround - including that the stay at home twin jumped far away in distance.

I don't find any of this latter approach very instructive - the only point was to highlight the difference between visual appearance of a clock and interpretation of such according to a theory - e.g. doppler.
 
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  • #33
What I find hard to grasp is that if light has a speed, and if time is supposed to be frozen at this speed, then surely this would mean that time has a speed also. Which would beg the question of what would occur if something traveled faster than light. My understanding is that the only reason there is a limitation of light speed is due to the fact that an object has the appearance it does due to the light which is reflected from the object. If the object was moving faster than light, then it would not give light the opportunity to reflect from it, therefore the object would theoretically not appear. Sorry if this sounds a bit garbled but I find it difficult to explain the theory I am thinking of.
 
  • #34
mrfrosty said:
What I find hard to grasp is that if light has a speed, and if time is supposed to be frozen at this speed, then surely this would mean that time has a speed also. Which would beg the question of what would occur if something traveled faster than light. My understanding is that the only reason there is a limitation of light speed is due to the fact that an object has the appearance it does due to the light which is reflected from the object. If the object was moving faster than light, then it would not give light the opportunity to reflect from it, therefore the object would theoretically not appear. Sorry if this sounds a bit garbled but I find it difficult to explain the theory I am thinking of.

The fact that an object has to obey the universal speed limit has nothing to do with whether or not there are any photons bouncing off of it. In the absence of photons, it STILL takes infinite energy to get a body with mass up to the speed of light, thus it cannot be done 'cause we can't get infinite energy.
 
  • #35
mrfrosty said:
My understanding is that the only reason there is a limitation of light speed is due to the fact that an object has the appearance it does due to the light which is reflected from the object. If the object was moving faster than light, then it would not give light the opportunity to reflect from it, therefore the object would theoretically not appear.
By that same logic a supersonic aircraft should be silent.

The relativistic effects are not due to appearances or light's finite speed. They are what remains after an intelligent observer accounts for light's finite speed.
 
<h2>1. What is time travel and is it possible?</h2><p>Time travel is the concept of moving through time to the past or future. Currently, there is no scientific evidence or technology that supports the possibility of time travel. However, some theories in physics, such as the theory of relativity, suggest that time travel may be possible under certain conditions.</p><h2>2. How does the speed of light affect time travel?</h2><p>The speed of light is a fundamental constant in the universe that determines the maximum speed at which anything can travel. According to the theory of relativity, as an object approaches the speed of light, time slows down for that object relative to an observer. This means that if time travel were possible, traveling at or near the speed of light would be necessary to travel through time.</p><h2>3. Can we build a time machine?</h2><p>Currently, there is no known way to build a time machine. The concept of time travel is still largely theoretical and requires a deep understanding of complex physics. While there have been some proposed designs for time machines, they are purely hypothetical and have not been proven to be possible.</p><h2>4. Are there any real-life examples of time travel?</h2><p>As of now, there are no scientifically proven examples of time travel. However, there have been some instances where the effects of time dilation, a consequence of traveling near the speed of light, have been observed in experiments with atomic clocks and high-speed particles. These are not considered true time travel, but rather small deviations in time caused by changes in speed and gravity.</p><h2>5. What are the potential implications of time travel?</h2><p>If time travel were to become a reality, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe and our place in it. It could also raise ethical and philosophical questions, such as the possibility of changing the past and the consequences of altering the timeline. However, until time travel is proven to be possible, these implications remain purely speculative.</p>

1. What is time travel and is it possible?

Time travel is the concept of moving through time to the past or future. Currently, there is no scientific evidence or technology that supports the possibility of time travel. However, some theories in physics, such as the theory of relativity, suggest that time travel may be possible under certain conditions.

2. How does the speed of light affect time travel?

The speed of light is a fundamental constant in the universe that determines the maximum speed at which anything can travel. According to the theory of relativity, as an object approaches the speed of light, time slows down for that object relative to an observer. This means that if time travel were possible, traveling at or near the speed of light would be necessary to travel through time.

3. Can we build a time machine?

Currently, there is no known way to build a time machine. The concept of time travel is still largely theoretical and requires a deep understanding of complex physics. While there have been some proposed designs for time machines, they are purely hypothetical and have not been proven to be possible.

4. Are there any real-life examples of time travel?

As of now, there are no scientifically proven examples of time travel. However, there have been some instances where the effects of time dilation, a consequence of traveling near the speed of light, have been observed in experiments with atomic clocks and high-speed particles. These are not considered true time travel, but rather small deviations in time caused by changes in speed and gravity.

5. What are the potential implications of time travel?

If time travel were to become a reality, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe and our place in it. It could also raise ethical and philosophical questions, such as the possibility of changing the past and the consequences of altering the timeline. However, until time travel is proven to be possible, these implications remain purely speculative.

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