Linear algebra: Jordan normal forms

In summary, the characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is \lambda^3(\lambda-1)(\lambda-2). If the nullity of A is two, the possible Jordan normal forms of A are the matrices shown above, including the additional possibility of the nullity being 2.
  • #1
rbpl
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Suppose the characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is [tex]\lambda[/tex]^3([tex]\lambda[/tex]-1)([tex]\lambda[/tex]-2). If the nullity of A is two, what are the possible Jordan normal forms of A up to conjugation?I think that an example of a matrix with such characteristic polynomial is:

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 2

But then isn't the nullity 1 in this case?

Otherwise, the possibilities for the above matrix are:

0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 2

0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 2

0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 2

Am I correct?
What should I do about the nullity which is 2?
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
Yes, you are correct; the above matrices are all valid Jordan normal forms with the given characteristic polynomial. For the nullity of two, the only additional possibility is:0 1 0 0 00 0 1 0 00 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 2
 

1. What is a Jordan normal form in linear algebra?

A Jordan normal form is a way to represent a square matrix by breaking it down into simpler, easier to understand pieces. It is a diagonal matrix with blocks of ones and zeros called Jordan blocks along the diagonal.

2. Why is the Jordan normal form important in linear algebra?

The Jordan normal form is important because it allows us to simplify complex matrices and understand their structure. It also helps in solving systems of linear equations and finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

3. How do you find the Jordan normal form of a matrix?

To find the Jordan normal form of a matrix, you first need to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. Then, you use these eigenvalues and eigenvectors to construct the Jordan blocks and arrange them in a diagonal matrix form.

4. Can any matrix be transformed into a Jordan normal form?

Yes, any square matrix can be transformed into a Jordan normal form. However, the Jordan normal form may not be unique for a given matrix.

5. What is the relationship between Jordan normal form and diagonalization?

Diagonalization is a special case of Jordan normal form where all the Jordan blocks have size 1. In other words, a matrix is diagonalizable if and only if it has a Jordan normal form with all blocks of size 1.

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