# Homework Help: Linear Algebra Problem #3

1. Jun 30, 2008

Here we go again.

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Let S be any nxn strictly upper triangular matrix; prove that $$S^n=0$$

3. The attempt at a solution

Alright so I know that if c_ij is an entry in a strictly upper triangular matrix, then $$c_{ij}= 0, \ i>j$$

I'll add more in a minute

2. Jun 30, 2008

### Dick

Is this another one of those questions where you understand exactly why it's true, but can't phrase it in the form of a proof? Because it is pretty obvious why it's true. Just write down a strictly upper triangular matrix and start taking powers of it. See what happens??

3. Jun 30, 2008

### Defennder

I think the problem is with formalising it into matrix entry subscript notation. I can see why it holds: Over time throughout repeated multiplication the non-zero entries of the matrix retreats into the top right hand corner and then finally becomes zero.

I've written out the matrix entries for an arbitrary c_{ij} after multiplying matrices by 3 times and I'm beginning to see nested summation series which I can't quite simplify.

PS. I know this is Saladsamurai's problem and not mine, but I'm curious as to how to prove it formally.

4. Jun 30, 2008

### Dick

$$(c^n)_{ij}=c_{i,k_1}*c_{k_1,k_2}*c_{k_2,k_3}*...c_{k_{n-2},k_{n-1}}*c_{k_{n-1},j}$$. All of the k indices summed over. What condition must be true for that to be nonzero? Hey, what ever happened to your electric flux problem? It's not THAT hard.

Last edited: Jun 30, 2008
5. Jul 1, 2008

### durt

Alternatively, note that the only eigenvalue is 0. Thinking of this matrix as an operator on an n-dimensional vector space V, we must have V = dim null S^(dim V) = dim null S^n, the set of all generalized eigenvectors. So S^n = 0.