Millikan Oil Drop Experiment: Solving Homework Equations

In summary, the conversation discusses a Millikan experiment where the distance and time of a droplet's fall are measured, and successive rise times with the field turned on are observed. The goal is to prove that charge is quantized and to find the radius, volume, and mass of the drop used in the experiment. The equations used include qE = mg + EV and f = 6 pi E r v = mg. The conversation also mentions using the drop time to get the radius, using the rise times to get the charge, and using the difference in charge from different rises to show that charge is quantized. The conversation concludes with the question of why there are different rise times for a given oil drop and how to calculate the mass
  • #1
howin
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Homework Statement



In a Millikan experiment the distance of rise or fall of a droplet is .60 cm and the average time of fall (ie field off) is 21.0 s. With the field turned on, the observed successive rise times are 46.0, 15.5, 28.1, 12.9, 45.3 and 20.0 s
a) Prove that charge is quantized.
b) If the oil density p=858 kg / m^3 and the viscosity of air is 1.83 x 10^-5 kg /m*s, find the radius, volume and mass of the drop used in this experiment.

Homework Equations



qE = mg + EV

f = 6 pi E r v = mg

The Attempt at a Solution



I started this by drawing the force diagram for no field. The charge makes no difference here and you assume that the drop falls at terminal velocity through the whole .6 cm. So:

v = .6cm / 21 s = .029 cm/s

In order to prove that charge is quantized, must show that the ratio of charges are approximately small whole numbers. So need to find the charge of each drop from their rise times. This is where I start to struggle. Clearly the larger the negative charge, the faster the drop will rise, resulting in a shorter rise time.

For the second part, I think I can use vel = 2 r^2 p g /9 (visc. air)
but then why are there several different rise times for a given oil drop? Is this because it is taking on different numbers of electrons each time? If it is, then the velocity should change, so then the radius would change, but that doesn't make sense. I've looked up this experiment all over the web for further info, but few descriptions mention air viscosity or calculating mass from different rise times.

Any hints or explanations would be helpful. Thank you!
 
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  • #2
Use the drop time to get r.
Use the rise times to get q, knowing r which is constant for the same drop.
Use the DIFFERENCE in q from different rises, to get the small numbers.
 

1. What is the purpose of the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?

The purpose of the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment is to determine the fundamental unit of electric charge, known as the electron charge. This experiment also helped to confirm the existence of subatomic particles and their properties.

2. How does the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment work?

The experiment involves suspending tiny oil droplets in an electric field and measuring their rate of fall. By controlling the strength of the electric field and measuring the droplets' rate of fall, the charge of the droplets can be determined. This allows for the calculation of the electron charge.

3. What equations are used in the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?

The two main equations used in the experiment are the electric force equation (F=qE) and the Stokes' law equation (F=6πηrv). The first equation relates the electric force on the droplet to its charge and the strength of the electric field. The second equation relates the gravitational force on the droplet to its radius, viscosity of air, and rate of fall.

4. What are some challenges faced when conducting the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment?

One of the main challenges of this experiment is controlling the electric field and maintaining a stable environment. Any changes in temperature, humidity, or air currents can affect the results. Additionally, the small size and varying shapes of oil droplets can make it difficult to accurately measure their rate of fall.

5. What was the significance of the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment in the history of science?

The Millikan Oil Drop Experiment was a groundbreaking experiment that provided evidence for the existence and properties of subatomic particles. It also helped to confirm the quantization of electric charge and contributed to the development of the modern atomic theory. This experiment is considered one of the most important experiments in the history of science and its results have had a lasting impact on our understanding of the physical world.

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