Molar specific heat is a measure of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius.
CV and CP refer to the molar specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, respectively. CV is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius at constant volume, while CP is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius at constant pressure.
CP is greater than CV because when heat is added to a substance at constant pressure, some of the energy is used to do work on the surroundings, such as expanding the substance. This means that more energy is required to raise the temperature of the substance by one degree Celsius at constant pressure compared to constant volume.
Molar specific heat can be measured experimentally by using a calorimeter, which is a device that measures the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance. The change in temperature of the substance is then used to calculate the molar specific heat.
Molar specific heat can be affected by the type of substance, temperature, and pressure. Different substances have different molar specific heats due to differences in their molecular structures. Temperature and pressure also play a role, as they can affect the movement and spacing of molecules, thus influencing the heat capacity of the substance.