What defines an isolated system and the role of external forces in momentum?

In summary, when two boxes of different masses are stacked on top of each other and pushed at a constant velocity across a table with friction, there will be no change in momentum. This is because the boxes are an isolated system, meaning there is no external force or interaction acting on them. However, it is important to note that the forces acting on the system may still be balanced to give a net zero force. The system does not include the table, but the table and the pushing agency do interact with the boxes, as well as the boxes interacting with each other through their touching surfaces. Additionally, although Newton's laws define force, the force mentioned in the first two laws is different from the action-reaction force described in the third law.
  • #1
qwertymeister42
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This is with regard to 2 boxes of different masses that are stacked on top of each other and pushed at a constant velocity across a table that has friction. One of the sentences is right:

"When the boxes move at a constant speed, there is no change in momentum. This means that the boxes are an isolated system."

My initial thought was that the mistake was in saying "constant speed" when it should be "constant velocity". But is there a problem in how the system is defined as only the two boxes? Should it include the table, for example?

EDIT: Also, could someone clear up exactly what the threshold for "isolated" is? This always confused me because nothing is isolated unless the system is literally everything.
 
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  • #2
Any system can continue to have the same momentum under two conditions:
1. System is isolated meaning nothing can act on it from its outside no connection no interaction.
2. System is not really isolated but the forces acting on them as a whole or on its parts are balanced to give net zero force.
System does not include table but table and pushing agency interact with the blocks and also also blocks interact with each other through the touching surfaces.
 
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  • #3
Also I would like to add although Newton's laws define force the force that is talked about in first two laws is different from the force that is spelled as action reaction in the third law!
 
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1. What is momentum?

Momentum is a physical quantity that describes the amount of motion an object possesses. It is calculated by multiplying an object's mass by its velocity.

2. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

The law of conservation of momentum states that in an isolated system, the total momentum before and after a collision will remain constant. This means that the total momentum of all objects involved in the collision will not change, even if they interact with each other.

3. What is an isolated system?

An isolated system is a physical system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. This means that the total momentum of the system will remain constant.

4. How is momentum different from velocity?

Momentum and velocity are related but different quantities. Velocity describes an object's speed and direction of motion, while momentum takes into account the object's mass as well. In other words, an object can have different velocities but the same momentum if their masses are different.

5. How can momentum be transferred between objects?

Momentum can be transferred between objects through collisions or interactions. When two objects collide, the momentum of one object can be transferred to the other. In addition, forces can also act on an object to change its momentum.

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