Based upon the sign of the electric quadrupolemoment, you know the shape of the charge distribution around the nucleus. It kind of expresses the electrical dipole you have because of a non-sferical structure (like oblate/prolate-ellipsoids)Reshma said:How do the electric quadruple moments indicate the non-spherical structure of the nucleus?
The non-central nature of nuclear force refers to the fact that the force between nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atomic nucleus is not purely central, meaning it does not act directly between the centers of the particles. Instead, it also has a tensor component that depends on the orientation of the nucleons' spins.
The non-central nature of nuclear force plays a crucial role in determining the structure and stability of atomic nuclei. It is responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons together, and can also lead to the formation of nuclear spin states.
Experimental evidence such as the magnetic moment of the deuteron (a bound state of a proton and neutron) and the quadrupole moment of atomic nuclei provide strong support for the non-central nature of nuclear force. Theoretical models also predict and explain the behavior of nuclear forces based on their non-central nature.
The non-central nature of nuclear force affects the dynamics of nuclear reactions, particularly in processes involving spin-dependent interactions. This can lead to different outcomes and reaction rates compared to purely central forces, and is important in understanding nuclear reactions in astrophysics and nuclear energy production.
The non-central nature of nuclear force cannot be fully explained by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, which only describes three out of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces). It is believed to arise from the exchange of virtual mesons between nucleons, but a complete understanding of this force is still being researched.