- #1
Raphie
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The guiding premise of this thread is the following proposition: If fractals play a role in the behavior of partitions, then maybe, just maybe, they play a role also in the positioning of the primes; and if they do, then who is to say that the two, prime numbers and partition numbers, cannot at some point down the road be mathematically related in precise manner via, for instance, the prime counting function and/or various number progressions related to fractals and/or the division of n-dimensional spaces?
In other words, many seem to believe it impossible that we will ever be able to do more than simply estimate where the next prime may be found. I would contend that (although I certainly would not be the one to prove it..), in principle, it should be just as possible to locate the positions of the primes as it is to calculate the value of the partition numbers.
Thoughts, as well as any related numerical observations, more than welcome...
- RF
=================================================
In relation to recent discussion here...
Ken Ono and Hausdorff dimensions
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=468910
and here...
relatively prime and independent confusion
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=467088
... I thought to pass along the following observation:
OBSERVATION
The #31, The Golden Scale, The Prime Counting Function & Partition Numbers
A SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC STATEMENT
20 + 2T_(n+1)
= 5^(n+2) + (n + 2)^2 - (5 + (n + 2))
n = (0 --> 7)
for...
T_n denotes the n-th Triangular Number
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 2^2 - (5 + 2) = 029 - 07 = 22
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 3^2 - (5 + 3) = 034 - 08 = 26
5^2 + 4^2 - (5 + 4) = 041 - 09 = 32
5^2 + 5^2 - (5 + 5) = 050 - 10 = 40
5^2 + 6^2 - (5 + 6) = 061 - 11 = 50
5^2 + 7^2 - (5 + 7) = 074 - 12 = 62
5^2 + 8^2 - (5 + 8) = 089 - 13 = 76
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 9^2 - (5 + 9) = 106 - 14 = 92
---------------------------------------------
SUM = 400 = 20^2
106 - 29 = 77
NOW COMPARE, keeping in mind this progression...
The Golden Scale (Fibonacci 2,5)
2, 5, 7, 12, 19, 31, 50, 81...
for...
pi(n) - denotes the Prime Counting Function
par_n - denotes the n-th Partition Number
----------------------------------
pi_(par_(12)) = pi (077) = 21 = (5 - 2) * 7
----------------------------------
pi (par_(13)) = pi (101) = 26
pi (par_(14)) = pi (135) = 32
pi (par_(15)) = pi (176) = 40 = 90 - pi_(par_(16)))
pi (par_(16)) = pi (231) = 50 = 90 - pi_(par_(15)))
pi (par_(17)) = pi (297) = 62
pi (par_(18)) = pi (385) = 76
----------------------------------
pi_(par_(19)) = pi (490) = 93 = (5 - 2) * 31
----------------------------------
SUM = 400 = 20^2
pi (par_(16)) - pi (par_(15)) = 50 - 40 = 10 --> 10 = 2 * 5; 16 + 15 = 31
pi (par_(17)) - pi (par_(14)) = 62 - 32 = 30 --> 10 + 30 = 40 = 90 - 50; 17 + 14 = 31
pi (par_(18)) - pi (par_(13)) = 76 - 26 = 50 --> 10 + 30 + 50 = 90 = 40 + 50; 18 + 13 = 31
pi_(par_(19)) - pi_(par_(12)) = 93 - 21 = 72 --> 10 + 30 + 50 + 72 = 162 = 2 * 81; 19 + 12 = 31
also...
pi_(par_(20)) = pi (627) = 114
= pi_(par_(19)) + pi_(par_(12)) = 93 + 26 = 114
Are these relationships presented above (which, hopefully, I need not spell out...) "random" or "coincidental?" My reply: "Sure, they could be, but I find it rather unlikely." At the very least, it would be interesting to look at all combinations of partition numbers, the index numbers of which sum to 5, 7, 11, 13 or 31, associated with Hausdorff dimension 0 and 1, just to see what relationships one might find. Some interesting patterns could emerge in relation to discrete intervals, just as there are interesting patterns that emerge in regards to prime gaps, etc...
In other words, many seem to believe it impossible that we will ever be able to do more than simply estimate where the next prime may be found. I would contend that (although I certainly would not be the one to prove it..), in principle, it should be just as possible to locate the positions of the primes as it is to calculate the value of the partition numbers.
Thoughts, as well as any related numerical observations, more than welcome...
- RF
=================================================
In relation to recent discussion here...
Ken Ono and Hausdorff dimensions
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=468910
chis said:Hi All, In Ken Onos lecture he mentions Hausdorff dimensions appertaining to prime numbers:
5,7,11 relate to 0 dimension and primes from 13 to 31 as 1 dimension.
and here...
relatively prime and independent confusion
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=467088
al-mahed said:[tex]a^{10^{n+1}}-a^{10^n}\equiv\ 0\ mod\ 77[/tex]
[tex]a^{10^n}(a^{10^{n+1}-10^n}-1)\equiv\ 0\ mod\ 77[/tex]
[tex]a^{10^{n+1}-10^n}\equiv\ 1\ mod\ 77[/tex]
and [tex]10^{n+1}-10^n=10^n(10-1)=9\cdot\ 10^n[/tex]
since the above can be written as [tex]9\cdot\ 10^n=60k[/tex] for a natural k
[tex]a^{9\cdot\ 10^n}=a^{60k}\equiv\ 1\ mod\ 77[/tex]
by euler's theorem, if gcd(a,77)=1, since [tex]\varphi{(77)}=60[/tex] then
[tex]a^{60k}\equiv\ 1\ mod\ 77[/tex]
and it completes the proof
Raphie said:Ken Ono cracks partition number mystery
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=465696
To avoid confusion, denote par_n as the n-th partition number. Then Ramanujan's congruences are...
par_(5k+4) == 0 (mod 5)
par_(7k+5) == 0 (mod 7)
par_(11k+6) == 0 (mod 11)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan's_congruences
Note: 5, 7 & 11 are the 4th, 5th & 6th partition numbers and because they are all also prime (totient p) = (p-1), then their totient product: totient (5)*totient (7)*totient (11) = 240 = totient (5*7*11)
We can, in relation to your prior posting observe that...
par_(totient (77) + (1 + 77n)) = par_(60 + (1 +77n))
... I thought to pass along the following observation:
OBSERVATION
The #31, The Golden Scale, The Prime Counting Function & Partition Numbers
A SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC STATEMENT
20 + 2T_(n+1)
= 5^(n+2) + (n + 2)^2 - (5 + (n + 2))
n = (0 --> 7)
for...
T_n denotes the n-th Triangular Number
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 2^2 - (5 + 2) = 029 - 07 = 22
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 3^2 - (5 + 3) = 034 - 08 = 26
5^2 + 4^2 - (5 + 4) = 041 - 09 = 32
5^2 + 5^2 - (5 + 5) = 050 - 10 = 40
5^2 + 6^2 - (5 + 6) = 061 - 11 = 50
5^2 + 7^2 - (5 + 7) = 074 - 12 = 62
5^2 + 8^2 - (5 + 8) = 089 - 13 = 76
---------------------------------------------
5^2 + 9^2 - (5 + 9) = 106 - 14 = 92
---------------------------------------------
SUM = 400 = 20^2
106 - 29 = 77
NOW COMPARE, keeping in mind this progression...
The Golden Scale (Fibonacci 2,5)
2, 5, 7, 12, 19, 31, 50, 81...
for...
pi(n) - denotes the Prime Counting Function
par_n - denotes the n-th Partition Number
----------------------------------
pi_(par_(12)) = pi (077) = 21 = (5 - 2) * 7
----------------------------------
pi (par_(13)) = pi (101) = 26
pi (par_(14)) = pi (135) = 32
pi (par_(15)) = pi (176) = 40 = 90 - pi_(par_(16)))
pi (par_(16)) = pi (231) = 50 = 90 - pi_(par_(15)))
pi (par_(17)) = pi (297) = 62
pi (par_(18)) = pi (385) = 76
----------------------------------
pi_(par_(19)) = pi (490) = 93 = (5 - 2) * 31
----------------------------------
SUM = 400 = 20^2
pi (par_(16)) - pi (par_(15)) = 50 - 40 = 10 --> 10 = 2 * 5; 16 + 15 = 31
pi (par_(17)) - pi (par_(14)) = 62 - 32 = 30 --> 10 + 30 = 40 = 90 - 50; 17 + 14 = 31
pi (par_(18)) - pi (par_(13)) = 76 - 26 = 50 --> 10 + 30 + 50 = 90 = 40 + 50; 18 + 13 = 31
pi_(par_(19)) - pi_(par_(12)) = 93 - 21 = 72 --> 10 + 30 + 50 + 72 = 162 = 2 * 81; 19 + 12 = 31
also...
pi_(par_(20)) = pi (627) = 114
= pi_(par_(19)) + pi_(par_(12)) = 93 + 26 = 114
Are these relationships presented above (which, hopefully, I need not spell out...) "random" or "coincidental?" My reply: "Sure, they could be, but I find it rather unlikely." At the very least, it would be interesting to look at all combinations of partition numbers, the index numbers of which sum to 5, 7, 11, 13 or 31, associated with Hausdorff dimension 0 and 1, just to see what relationships one might find. Some interesting patterns could emerge in relation to discrete intervals, just as there are interesting patterns that emerge in regards to prime gaps, etc...
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