# Pauli Exclusion Principle

1. Apr 15, 2005

### Kahsi

Does it include all types of particles? All atoms?

Thank you.

2. Apr 15, 2005

### dextercioby

Nope.It applied only to electrons in atomic electron shells (the original 1925 formulation due to W.Pauli,which earned him a Nobel Prize).

Daniel.

3. Apr 15, 2005

### juvenal

It's not clear to me whether the Pauli Exclusion Principle (even though it might have been originally formulated as such) is only intended to apply to atomic electrons. I don't think that's important though.

More importantly - fermions, any particles (quarks, neutrinos, etc) have spins in multiples of 1/2, do obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, which says that identical fermions cannot be in the same quantum state.

Bosons, of integer spin, do not.

4. Apr 15, 2005

### Kahsi

Is there any other then bosons that it doesn't work for?

5. Apr 15, 2005

### dextercioby

Yes,ghost fields are fermionic (described by elements of a $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ graded Grassmann algebra) integer spin fields...

Daniel.