Peak Torque Calculation for Twin T3/T4 Turbos in 2.0L Camry Motor

In summary, the conversation revolved around building a motor for shop class, specifically a 2.0 liter Camry motor with twin T3/T4 turbos. The main question was about calculating the ideal runner length and diameter for the intake manifold design. The conversation also touched on the issue of turbo lag and peak torque, as well as the potential impact of intercooler size on peak torque. The conversation then shifted to a debate about the use of large displacement engines versus smaller turbocharged ones in modern times. The original poster was advised to read Heyward's book for more information.
  • #1
toyotadude
18
0
Herro guys, I'm trying to build a motor for shop class (from scratch really, new manifolds, ect :eek:), I'm only 15 so please take it easy on me :redface:

Anyways, I've been trying to calculate my ideal runner length/diameter and stufflets for the intake manifold design. I've got a question about that, however. The motor is a 2.0 liter Camry motor (lol), twin T3/T4 turbos (I'm adamant about that). There will be obviously a rather large amount of turbo lag (which I like), but to calculate intake manifold diameters, you need to know where you'd like your "peak torque". Ideally, I'd like my peak torque about where I peak out my boost (~25psi, all out on these two smaller turbos), but I've noticed in some cases peak torque is reached later after peak boost... any idea why?

I assumed that the T3/T4 may lag up until ~5k RPM and possibly hit full boost in 5.5-7k RPM... (maybe? :redface:), and because at max boost generally where I'd get most volumetric efficiency... that's where I'd get peak torque? (assuming the rest of my engine is build for high(er) RPM powa)

One thing just struck me though, seeing that ~25psi I'd be absolutely stringing out the T3/T4's, in THEORY if I didn't have a intercooler large enough to cool it, my actual peak torque COULD go down in the rev range because of higher intake temperatures, and thus according to the ideal gas formula modified to get lbs/min of air... I could be getting less pounds o' air at higher revs if I can't keep it cool, thus actually "downing" of peak torque o.o

And now another question xD, assuming that all that is done ^, I need to calculate the VE to find out the diameter of my runner length (according to Vizard's formula from this one book :P), but because it IS turbocharged, VE would be over 100% (or I hope it is, lol). But how exactly can one calculate that?

Assuming I took off a few psi for turbulence and blockage o' flow from the intercooler at max boost, would the VE increase in porportion to the amount of pressure over atmospheric pressure there is in the intake manifold? Or am I dreaming? xD
 
Engineering news on Phys.org
  • #2
nobodeh :(?
 
  • #3
Sorry, dude, but I'm an old-time driver. There's no substitute for cubic inches (or, as newbies to the scene say, "there's no replacement for displacement".)
There's only so much that you can squeeze out of a squirrel on a treadmill, no matter how much oxygen you feed him.
I can't think that an engine of the type that you propose could show anything like performance below 15,000 rpm's. That is not even vaguely applicable to street driving.
By the bye, your entire engine is slightly larger than one cylinder of my 8-cylinder Roadrunner (446 ci) or El Camino (455 ci).
My serious advice is to turf the lawnmower engine and throw in something that is suitable for a car.
 
Last edited:
  • #4
Danger said:
Sorry, dude, but I'm an old-time driver. There's no substitute for cubic inches (or, as newbies to the scene say, "there's no replacement for displacement".)
There's only so much that you can squeeze out of a squirrel on a treadmill, no matter how much oxygen you feed him.
I can't think that an engine of the type that you propose could show anything like performance below 15,000 rpm's. That is not even vaguely applicable to street driving.
By the bye, your entire engine is slightly larger than one cylinder of my 8-cylinder Roadrunner (446 ci) or El Camino (455 ci).
My serious advice is to turf the lawnmower engine and throw in something that is suitable for a car.

Totally irrelevant in the modern world, where we demand performance from an efficient package. Large engines are going the way of the dinosaur for road use for a reason. Turbocharged engines are the way forward, it provides power when you need it, but theefficiency of a small engine when you don't need power.

Time moves on, we do things better now, it's called progress.

Anyone who claims they need the pwer output of a large displacement engine for road is talking bollocks.

Just to do a bit of geekmaths.
Depending on the year of the engine made, the output from the 7.5L V8 will vary wdely. I've seen power figures as low as 250BHP from one. There isn't any point in comparing emissions figures becuase the modern engine will win hands down on emissions per km driven (and probably enven emissions per HP produced).

But let's be generous. 400BHP at 5000rpm.

BMEP: Pn/VN
(298000 * 2 )/ 0.0075 * 83)
=957 429 Pa = 9.5 barComapre to an engine over 1/5th the size.
Take the VW 1.4 TSI, twin charged outputting 170BHP@ about 6000rpm.

BMEP: Pn/VN
(126000 * 2 )/ 0.0014 * 100)
=1 800 000 Pa = 18 bar

So as we can see, the 1.4TSI puts out less emissions and had a BMEP almost twice that of the larger dispacement engine. We could also compare efficiency figures, but it wouldn't change the outcome. The new smaller displacement turbo is simply a better engine.

The only reason to own a colossal V8, is becuase they sound amazingly cool.

EDIT: I'll read and give a responce to the OP in a little bit.
 
  • #5
I was going to put a technical response together on this, but it'd take ages.

OP, get yourself a copy of Heyward's masterpiece and do some reading, you'll get more from that than any forum.

Danger, you're a legend, but with the utmost respect you're talking cobblers! :smile:
 
  • #6
brewnog said:
Danger, you're a legend, but with the utmost respect you're talking cobblers! :smile:

:uhh: I think that I know what that means. If I'm correct in that assumption, I respectfully disagree. You are my hero; if it weren't for you first greeting me, and then encouraging me, and occasionally prodding me, I wouldn't even be on PF.
Still, I must say that if I made the same sort of mods on my engine that the OP is talking about, I'd be pushing 1,200 hp. (And by the bye, I don't like turbos. I know that they are inherently more efficient, but I really want to hear those straight-cut gears in a 6-71 whining under the pull of a 3" Gilmer belt. :biggrin:)
 
Last edited:
  • #7
EXACTLY! You'd be pushing 1,200hp! Which shows that they they DO do the job!

I don't like turbocharged cars either but you can't beat progress, I'd love to give one of the new Alfa Multiair engine out.
 
  • #8
I acutally really like the way turbo cars drive. They are by far the easiest to modify cheaply, have bags of torque low down whilst still putting out top end power. This is especially true for restricted turbos, an almost flat torque curve makes it the ultimate lazy mans fast car.

I do kind of miss the revs of a well tuned NA car though.

To be on topic: OP do as Brewnog suggests and read Heywood.
 
  • #9
brewnog said:
EXACTLY! You'd be pushing 1,200hp! Which shows that they they DO do the job!
But the point is that I can lump along at about 2,500 rpm, doing the speed limit of 100 km/h. Since she idles at 875 rpm, you can see that she's just lazing along at that speed, and ingesting very little fuel (25 mpg). If I then need to romp on it, I can downshift to 2nd, matt the sucker, and be at 200 km/h within about 5 seconds. My power band is from 4,500 to 6,500 rpm, and the top number of that is my redline. That, needless to say, sucks back a tad more juice (about 5 mpg), and shaves a bit of rubber off of the tires, but that's needed for only a few seconds at a time. A rice rocket would probably have to hit over 12,000 rpm to accomplish the same thing, if it could do it at all. Imagine what mine would do if I threw on the twin turbos and injectors and other high-tech junk.
Sorry for the cross-referencing between measurement systems. Although we are officially metric in Canada, I've never quite tuned into that x litres/100 km mileage determination.
 
Last edited:
  • #10
o.o

So any tips? Dx I have no idea what a Heyward is... :( (And Google doesn't come up with much anywho :\)

How complicated is my question anyways? o_O
 
  • #11
Danger said:
But the point is that I can lump along at about 2,500 rpm, doing the speed limit of 100 km/h. Since she idles at 875 rpm, you can see that she's just lazing along at that speed, and ingesting very little fuel (25 mpg). If I then need to romp on it, I can downshift to 2nd, matt the sucker, and be at 200 km/h within about 5 seconds.

From 7 litres? That's shocking. Hell, I can do that in my Golf 1.8T. AND I get 50 mpg (from a petrol) doing a steady 60mph. 60-120mph takes about 8 seconds ish on my last run (so a bit slower). Although a turbo remap (more boost) will bring that down to about 5. 60 mph in top gear is about 2500revs.

I just don't get how Americans can manage to extract so little power from a road going engine. They are all the same. There is no doubt they CAN make a large engine but out huge power (NASCAR get about 800bhp from a pushrod carb V8 that revs to 9k), so why don't they do it for the road? Instead you are left with an obese, asthmatic, fuel hungry mongrel.
 
  • #12
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071004998/?tag=pfamazon01-20

Danger, I hear you, but I'm totally with Chris here (except for suggesting that you might be an American, although you are really!). I've never worked out how American cars make so little power with so much displacement! :smile:
 
  • #13
brewnog said:
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071004998/?tag=pfamazon01-20

Danger, I hear you, but I'm totally with Chris here (except for suggesting that you might be an American, although you are really!). I've never worked out how American cars make so little power with so much displacement! :smile:

I just meant his cars were american built.


How complicated is my question anyways? o_O

OP it's not that the question is really that complicated, there are just too many to deal with in a single thread. I've reread your post and there is probably 10 decent sized threads worth of discussion in there. It may be helpful to start a discussion on a single question, until you get a satisfactory answer and then take it from there.

What makes it complicated is that when trying to answer two questions at once, you can get what seems like a contraditory answer as everything in an engine is very variable dependent.
 
  • #14
xxChrisxx said:
What makes it complicated is that when trying to answer two questions at once, you can get what seems like a contraditory answer as everything in an engine is very variable dependent.

Agree, and I really stand by reading a copy of The Book.
 
  • #15
how did i miss this debate?
was at the road course with a 2000 cc car making 150 hp getting 8 mpg!
 
  • #16
Ranger Mike said:
how did i miss this debate?
was at the road course with a 2000 cc car making 150 hp getting 8 mpg!

Haha, same figures as my everyday car round Mallory Park this year!
 
  • #17
brewnog said:
I'm totally with Chris here (except for suggesting that you might be an American, although you are really!).

You are technically correct, and I know from the way that you stated it that you think the same way that I do on the subject. I'm American in that I live in North, Central or South America. Unfortunately, the term has very nasty connotations since the Yanks have tried to usurp it to their exclusive use. I prefer it be known that I'm a Canuk, residing in the good part of North America.
Chris, two points here. One is that my car wasn't "American built", other than modified by the foregoing response to Brewski. The original owner, whose widow I bought it from, worked at the Chrysler plant in Windsor Ontario and built the entire thing himself from the frame up. It was initially a Yank design, to be sure, but not built to their standards. As a for-instance, the factory rating for the motor was 285hp, but the one that he put together was pushing 400. My subsequent modifications brought it up to about 650, and it will be a hell of a lot more once it has a decent cam.
Secondly, I might have been a bit conservative in my 100-200 km/h time. I've never measured it. I do know, from the closest that the sweep second hand on my buddy's wristwatch could determine, is that 0-100 km/h takes 3.5 seconds. I have to shift to 2nd at 105, though, so subsequent times are twitchy.
Anyhow, Brewski... my point is that if you build two engines exactly the same way, one being 2 litres and the other 7 litres, the big one is going to win every time.
By the bye, my shift points are 2nd @ 105, 3rd @ 138, and 4th @ 185... and 4th is a .73:1 overdrive. Top end is 257.
Keep in mind, as well, that this is a 1,750 kg vehicle without modern aerodynamic features.
 
Last edited:
  • #18
Danger said:
Anyhow, Brewski... my point is that if you build two engines exactly the same way, one being 2 litres and the other 7 litres, the big one is going to win every time.

Unfortunately, this isn't about who can go fastest in a stright line (which is just about the only thing a large displacement engine can do well). It's about who gets the most power from the most efficient package. This is especially true when talking about road cars, why would you need to 'win'?

I mean really, 650bhp? For a road car? Why? If this was a car designed for modified stock drag racing, then I can understand it.

EDIT: I'm all for the right engine for the right job. For drag racing, yes I'd take the large displacement engine (almost) every time. For the road however, the amount of power they completely waste makes them obsolete.
 
  • #19
xxChrisxx said:
I'm all for the right engine for the right job. For drag racing, yes I'd take the large displacement engine (almost) every time. For the road however, the amount of power they completely waste makes them obsolete.
I basically agree on general principle, but the fact that I can idle in first gear at the in-town speed limit, whereas rice-rockets are spooling their guts out in 2nd or 3rd gear at the same speed, indicates that there is something wrong. My engine simply doesn't have to work as hard to get the job done.
As to "why"... one of the few pleasures that I've had in my life was constantly humiliating Porsches. I have nothing against the cars or the engineering behind them, but in my country the drivers are frequently rich jerks who severely need to be squished (especially in the presence of their trophy girlfriends).
Leaving the Roadrunner aside for the moment, I'll compare two of my other cars—and go by imperial measurements, since that's still the way that I think. My Camaro with the 305 2-barrel and incredibly shallow differential gears got about 1/2 to 2/3 of the mileage of my 4-wheel-drive El Camino with the 455 4-barrel Olds motor.
I case you hadn't noticed, I'm not particulary "eco-friendly". I continue to eat my canned tuna at least a couple of times a week, and think that dolphins are delicious.
 
Last edited:
  • #20
Danger said:
I basically agree on general principle, but the fact that I can idle in first gear at the in-town speed limit, whereas rice-rockets are spooling their guts out in 2nd or 3rd gear at the same speed, indicates that there is something wrong. My engine simply doesn't have to work as hard to get the job done.

Why idle in first when you can idle in 5th and achieve the same thing? What you've just said there is your MINIMUM power output in lowest exceeds that needed for normal driving conditions.

As to "why"... one of the few pleasures that I've had in my life was constantly humiliating Porsches. I have nothing against the cars or the engineering behind them, but in my country the drivers are frequently rich jerks who severely need to be squished (especially in the presence of their trophy girlfriends).

And bolded is the only legitimate reason for owning a powerful engine in a road car. I'd still rather go for a european turbo motor. The twin turbo V10 from the RS6 springs to mind.

I'd love to have the RS6, fast in a stright line, AND goes round bends.

I case you hadn't noticed, I'm not particulary "eco-friendly".

I would never have guesed. :wink:
 
  • #21
xxChrisxx said:
Why idle in first when you can idle in 5th and achieve the same thing?

To start with, I don't have a 5th. Secondly, if I wanted something like that, I'd mount a transmission and wheels on my weed-whacker. It's a 30cc Ryobi 2-stroke that sounds identical to my neighbour's Honda and probably has as much horsepower.
 
  • #22
Danger said:
To start with, I don't have a 5th. Secondly, if I wanted something like that, I'd mount a transmission and wheels on my weed-whacker. It's a 30cc Ryobi 2-stroke that sounds identical to my neighbour's Honda and probably has as much horsepower.

I'll bet you run carbs too.
 
  • #23
it all depends on what you are going to use the car for...
 

Attachments

  • risk assessment.JPG
    risk assessment.JPG
    32.3 KB · Views: 484
  • #24
:tongue2:

:biggrin:

xxChrisxx said:
I'll bet you run carbs too.

Just one for now—Holly 750 double-pumper on an Edelbrock CH-4B manifold. When I get around to throwing on the 6-71 Roots, though, I'll definitely switch to Enderlie injectors with a bird-catcher. To me, a blower just doesn't look quite right without that.
 
  • #25
Danger said:
I basically agree on general principle, but the fact that I can idle in first gear at the in-town speed limit, whereas rice-rockets are spooling their guts out in 2nd or 3rd gear at the same speed, indicates that there is something wrong.

Not everyone wants a truck engine in their sports car.

I personally prefer my car to be "spooling its guts out" because I find it to be much more engaging with the machine.

In what is now the 21st century, the term "there's no replacement for displacement" doesn't apply anymore, unless you want your car to sound and feel exactly like a car with a large displacement engine. Which, again, not everybody does.
 
  • #26
I was just wondering if someone could explain something to me. With the vf39, many people claim they are hitting max boost (between 18-19) by 2800-3000 rpms. Does that mean they are hitting max boost by then? I would figure that max boost means that the most amount of torque would be made then. I am a little confused as I don't hit maximum torque until 3500 rpms.
Thanks!
 
  • #27
I've no idea what a vf39 is, but if someone says they're as maximum boost by 2,800rpm, then they mean that at full throttle, the maximum boost pressure is achieved by 2,800rpm. Boost pressure doesn't equal torque.
 

What is peak torque?

Peak torque is the maximum amount of twisting force that an engine can produce at a specific engine speed. It is usually measured in Newton-meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft).

Why is peak torque important for twin T3/T4 turbos?

Peak torque is important for twin T3/T4 turbos because it determines the maximum amount of power that can be produced by the engine. The higher the peak torque, the more power the turbos can generate.

How is peak torque calculated for twin T3/T4 turbos in a 2.0L Camry motor?

Peak torque for twin T3/T4 turbos in a 2.0L Camry motor can be calculated by multiplying the engine's maximum torque output by the turbo's maximum boost pressure. This gives the maximum torque output of the engine at a specific engine speed.

What factors can affect peak torque in a 2.0L Camry motor?

Several factors can affect peak torque in a 2.0L Camry motor, including the engine's design, turbo size and type, exhaust system, fuel and air intake system, and tuning. Additionally, factors such as altitude and ambient temperature can also impact peak torque.

How can peak torque be optimized for twin T3/T4 turbos in a 2.0L Camry motor?

To optimize peak torque for twin T3/T4 turbos in a 2.0L Camry motor, careful selection and tuning of the turbo size, exhaust system, fuel and air intake system, and engine management system is necessary. Additionally, proper maintenance and regular monitoring of the engine's condition can help maintain peak torque levels.

Back
Top