PH of weak acid/weak base salts

In summary: CaCO_3 will have a higher pH due to the fact that the HCO_3^- ion will be in equilibrium with OH^- ion.
  • #1
dumuzi
3
0
I'm trying to show my students that [itex]CaCO_3[/itex] is basic.
[itex]Ca^2^+[/itex] comes from [itex]Ca(OH)_2[/itex], which is a weak base due to it's low solubility. [itex]CO_3^2^-[/itex] comes from the weak acid [itex]HCO_3^-[/itex]. To compare the two we compare:

1) [itex]Ca^2^+ + H_2O --> Ca(OH)_2 + H_3O^+[/itex]

and

2) [itex]CO_3^2^- + H_2O --> HCO_3^- + OH^-[/itex]

We want to compare the K values. It is clear that equation 2 will have a significantly larger K value and the solution will be basic, but where can a person find a K value for something like equation 1?
Are there charts for the Ka of metal ions?
What order of magnitude is it? I imagine Ka for 1 is <<< Kw
 
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  • #2
I don't think equation 1 will occur appreciably, calcium hydroxide is fairly soluble in water so you can reasonably neglect it; thus calcium is a spectator ion (solubility of calcium hydroxide is .18g/100mL).
 
  • #3
The first reaction isn't even correct and frankly I don't know why you think that a strong base like calciumhydroxide would create an acidic particle like [tex]H3O^+[/tex].

This reaction would occur:
[tex]Ca(H_2O)_6^{2+}(aq)+H_2O(l) \rightleftharpoons CaOH(H_2O)_5^+(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex] Which explains why a solution of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] is acidic.

The second reaction is also incorrect since it's an equilibrium:
[tex]CO_3^{2-}(aq) + H_2O(l) \rightleftharpoons HCO_3^-(aq) + OH^-(aq)[/tex]
 
  • #4
[tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]
pKb1 = 2.43
pKb2 = 1.40
(http://ifs.massey.ac.nz/resources/chemistry/dissociation/inorgbases.htm )

[tex]H_2CO_3[/tex]
pKa1 = 6.37
pKa2 = 10.25

[tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
pKso = 8.3

So the concentration of saturated [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] solution is [tex]7.1\cdot10^{-5}[/tex]

pH calculated using BATE is 9.73.

(see http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=pH-calculation&right=pH-salt-solution for general approach to pH calculation of salt solution).

In fact final pH will be different, as you should take into account increased solubility of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] (due to [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]CO_3^{2-}[/tex] hydrolysis - although the first can be neglected, as [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] is dominant at 99.9% of total calcium concentration).
 
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1. What is the definition of a weak acid/weak base salt?

A weak acid/weak base salt is a chemical compound that is formed when a weak acid or weak base reacts with a strong base or strong acid, respectively. These salts have a pH value that is close to neutral, and they do not completely dissociate in water.

2. How does the pH of weak acid/weak base salts compare to strong acid/strong base salts?

The pH of weak acid/weak base salts is typically higher than that of strong acid/strong base salts. This is because weak acids and weak bases do not completely dissociate in water, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution.

3. What factors affect the pH of weak acid/weak base salts?

The pH of weak acid/weak base salts is affected by the strength of the acid or base used to form the salt, as well as the concentration of the salt in solution. Temperature can also have an effect on the pH of these salts.

4. How can the pH of weak acid/weak base salts be calculated?

The pH of weak acid/weak base salts can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which takes into account the dissociation constant (Ka or Kb) and the concentrations of the acid or base and its conjugate base or acid, respectively.

5. What is the significance of the pH of weak acid/weak base salts in everyday life?

The pH of weak acid/weak base salts is important in many everyday applications, such as in the production of pharmaceuticals, food and beverage processing, and water treatment. It also plays a role in maintaining the pH balance in our bodies and in the environment.

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