Population growth using ODE's

1. cheddacheeze

42
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Consider a population whose number we denote by $$P$$ . Suppose that $$b$$ is the average number of births per capita per year and$$d$$ is the average number of deaths per capita per year. Then the rate of change of the population is given by the following differential equation,

$$dP/dt = bP-dP$$ where t is in years

$$d = 4 + P/200, b = 9 and P(0) = 200$$

solve for $$P(t)$$
(Hint: you might find the partial fraction in part (c) useful in determining your solution.)
2. Relevant equations

part (c) being:

$$200/P(1000-P) = A/P + B/1000-P$$
A=1/5, B=1/5

3. The attempt at a solution
$$dP/dt = 9P-(4+P/200)$$
$$dP/dt = 9P-4-P/200$$
$$dP=(9P-4-P/200)dt$$
$$dp/(9P-4-P/200)=dt$$

im thinking the partial fraction comes somewhere in between my 3rd and 4th line but i cant seem to think what factor and exactly where....

2. Cyosis

1,495
From your data $bP-dP=9P-(4+P/200)P$. You're missing that last P in your attempt.

3. cheddacheeze

42
youre right, going from there
$$dP/dt=9P-(4+P/200)P$$
$$5P-(P^2)/200$$
$$P(5-P/200)$$
$$dP/dt=P(1000-P/200)$$

inversing i get
$$dt/dP=200/P(1000-P)=1/5P+1/5000-5P$$
$$200/P(1000-P)=1/5P+1/5000-5P$$
is from A=1/5, B=1/5 using partial fractions
$$(1/5P+1/5000-5P)dP=200/dt$$

im confused on what to do with $$200/dt$$
how do you integrate that?
$$/int(1/5P+1/5000-5P)dP$$
is $$1/5lnP+ 1/5 ln 5-5P$$ ?

4. Cyosis

1,495
You may want to use parenthesis to make it readable.

You have a differential equation of the form dt/dP=f(P) in equation line (6) therefore f(P)dP=dt and not 1/dt.

Integrate by using a substitution for the second fraction.

5. cheddacheeze

42
basically the equation becomes
$$\int (1/5) (1/P + 1/1000-P) = \int 200dt$$
or you cant take the common factor of 1/5?
and how do you use parenthesis, still kind of new to these forums

6. Cyosis

1,495
Yes you can take the factor 1/5 out. Parenthesis are (). For example 1/1000-P as you've written it down is 0.001-P, but you mean $1/(1000-P)=\frac{1}{1000-P}$. Where does the 200 come from? The rest looks good.

7. cheddacheeze

42
doesnt the 200 come from

$$dP/dt=P(1000-P)/200$$

then i inversed

$$dt/dP = 200/(P(1000-P))$$

and how do you make it so that it looks like a fraction? which tool was that

8. Cyosis

1,495
To create a fraction a/b you can write \frac{a}{b}.

You have the equation $\frac{dt}{dP}=\frac{1}{5P}+\frac{1}{5000-5P}$. There is no 200 in there.

9. cheddacheeze

42
ohhhhhh right i forgot i turned $\frac{200}{P(1000-P)}$
into $\frac{1}{5P}+\frac{1}{5000-5P}$
so its possible to do
$\frac{1}{5} \int \frac{1}{P} + \frac{1}{1000-P}$ ?

Last edited: Apr 3, 2010

1,495
Don't forget to put [tex] or $brackets around your code. Yes you can now do the integral through a substitution. 11. cheddacheeze 42 cant i just do [itex] \frac{1}{5} \int \frac{1}{P} + \frac{1}{5} \int \frac{1}{1000-P}$

turning into:
$\frac{1}{5} lnP + \frac{1}{5} ln(1000-P)$

forgetting my basics...

Last edited: Apr 3, 2010
12. Cyosis

1,495
What you have written down now is no longer readable. Put \ in front of all your fractions. Anyhow you can check your answer by taking the derivative of your answer. Do it and you will see one term is correct and one is not.

13. cheddacheeze

42
ok it seems the term

$\int \frac{1}{1000-P}$

is giving me trouble, what would be the substitution

Last edited: Apr 3, 2010
14. Cyosis

1,495
Can you please fix your latex code before proceeding with making a new post. Post 9,11 and 13 need fixing. What kind of substitution do you think would help?

15. cheddacheeze

42
letting u = 1000-P
du = -1?
so confused

16. Cyosis

1,495
Looking good now. Don't forget the dP in your integration though. The substitution u=1000-P is the correct one. However what is du=-1.... (something is missing here)?

17. cheddacheeze

42
i have totally forgot how to do integration using substitution,
you mean du=-1dP
will have to read up on it...

18. Cyosis

1,495
Yes that is correct. Now replace all Ps and dPs in your original integral with u and du.

19. cheddacheeze

42
does the equation become
just for the subtitution

$\frac{-1}{ln(1000-P)}$

20. Cyosis

1,495
No. It appears that you do not know how to integrate by substitution. Looking at the problem you have presented you ought to have followed a course at some point that taught you how to do it. I suggest reviewing the basics of integration before continuing with this problem.

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