What are the potential energy equations for this system?

In summary, given that the ring is below the pegs and that M > m sin(x/2), the distance between the pegs is 2 R sinx, and that the hoop is fixed in a vertical plane, the system has three positions of equilibrium.
  • #1
devious_
312
3
A small ring of mass M can move freely on a smooth, circular hoop, of radius R. A couple of light inextensible strings that pass over smooth pegs situated below the center of the hoop at the same horinzontal level are attached to the ring. Their other ends are attached to particles of mass m.

Given that the ring is below the pegs and that M > m sin(x/2), the distance between the pegs is 2 R sinx, and that the hoop is fixed in a vertical plane, prove that the system has three positions of equilibrium.


I'm having a very hard time setting up the potential energy equations -- I always end up with too many variables and constants. Can anyone help?
 
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  • #2
Can you draw a picture in Paint or something? The setup is too complicated to visualize.
 
  • #3
This is my interpretation...
 

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  • #4
You can express the potential energy in terms of one variable, the displacement of the ring along the circular hoop. For instance, the angle that the ring makes with the vertical line through the center of the hoop would make a good variable. Remember that an overall constant added to the potential energy function does not change the mechanical properties of the system--the forces, equilibria, and motion are unchanged. This fact will be helpful when you calculate the contribution to the potential energy from the two masses hanging from strings. The displacement of the ring completely determines the position of both of those masses, since I think we can assume the weight of those masses pulls the strings taut (they form straight lines).
 
  • #5
I realize that. I'm just having a very tough time tranforming those ideas into equations. :/
 
  • #6
HackaB said:
You can express the potential energy in terms ...

Hmmm I didn't know that energy relationships can solve equilibrium problems. Couldn't you use forces?
 
  • #7
ramollari said:
Hmmm I didn't know that energy relationships can solve equilibrium problems. Couldn't you use forces?

Sure, but it's easier to use the potential energy. A minimum of the potential energy function is an equilibrium, and corresponds to zero force.

devious_ said:
I realize that. I'm just having a very tough time tranforming those ideas into equations. :/

Pick a reference point for each mass. They can be different because of the reason mentioned above: a constant added to the potential energy does not change the motion of the system. For the ring on the hoop, I would pick the lowest point on the hoop. Then the ring's contribution to the potential energy is

[tex]V_{\mbox{ring}} = MgR(1 - \cos \theta)[/tex]

where theta is the displacement angle measured from the vertical. This is just Mg times its height relative to the reference point at theta = 0. That's the easy one. For each of the other two masses, a good reference point is the position of the mass when the ring is at the bottom of the hoop. Remember, the position of the ring determines the positions of the other two masses. You can then work out the change in height of each mass as the ring moves to a displacement angle theta.

edit: A maximum or any other place where the derivative of the potential vanishes is also an equilibrium (zero force), but it must be a minimum to be stable. But I just realized the problem does not require that equilibria are stable, so look for any critical points in the appropriate range.
 
Last edited:

What is potential energy?

Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its position or condition. It is stored energy that has the potential to do work.

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

The equation for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the object.

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

The equation for elastic potential energy is PE = 1/2kx^2, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.

How is potential energy related to kinetic energy?

Potential energy and kinetic energy are two forms of energy that are interrelated. Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy and vice versa. The total energy of a system remains constant, but it can be transferred between potential and kinetic forms.

Can potential energy be negative?

Yes, potential energy can be negative. This occurs when the object is in a position where it has less potential energy than its reference position. This can happen in situations such as a ball being thrown downwards, where it has less gravitational potential energy than when it is at rest on the ground.

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