Projectiles: Stone Thrown Vertically, Initial Velocity 19.6m/s

In summary, the stone thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 19.6m/s will have a velocity of 9.79m/s and a position of 14.695m after 1 second. The velocity and position after 2 seconds will be -0.02m/s and 19.58m, and after 3 seconds will be -9.83m/s and 14.655m. The stone reaches its maximum height at 2 seconds and begins to fall after. The equations used are d=Vi(t)+.5a(t)^2 and Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2ad, with the initial velocity being positive and acceleration being negative due to gravity pulling the object downwards.
  • #1
fabbo
31
0
A stone is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 19.6m/s. What is it's velocity and position after 1s, 2s, 3s?
I'm getting confused between my positives and negatives. What answers did you get?
 
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  • #2
A stone is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 19.6m/s. What is it's velocity and position after 1s, 2s, 3s?
I'm getting confused between my positives and negatives. What answers did you get?
First, write what you know:

Initial Velocity = 19.6m/s
acceleration = -9.81
Time = 1,2,3

So, from the formula d=Vi(t)+.5a(t)^2, we get:

di = 19.6(1) + (.5)(9.81)(1)^2
dii = 19.6(2) + (.5)(9.81)(2)^2
diii = 19.6(3) + (.5)(9.81)(3)^2

So:
di = 24.505m
dii = 58.82m
diii = 102.945m

And now, Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2ad:

Vfi = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]
Vfii = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]
Vfiii = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]

I don't have a calculator on hand, but these should work out to be the proper velocities, unless I messed up somewhere. :wink:
 
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  • #3
Quadratic said:
First, write what you know:
Initial Velocity = 19.6m/s
acceleration = -9.81
Time = 1,2,3
So, from the formula d=Vi(t)+.5a(t)^2, we get:
di = 19.6(1) + (.5)(9.81)(1)^2
dii = 19.6(2) + (.5)(9.81)(2)^2
diii = 19.6(3) + (.5)(9.81)(3)^2
So:
di = 24.505m
dii = 58.82m
diii = 102.945m
And now, Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2ad:
Vfi = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]
Vfii = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]
Vfiii = Root[(19.6^2) + 2(-9.81)(24.505)]
I don't have a calculator on hand, but these should work out to be the proper velocities, unless I messed up somewhere. :wink:
Your answers are incorrect.

Initial velocity was upwards - gravity accelerates objects downward. Positive is upwards and negative is downwards. (In fact, you knew that. Unfortunately you didn't enter it into your equation that way.)

The velocity is just the derivative of the position equation:

[tex]v_f = v_i + at[/tex]

*acceleration is still downwards.
 
  • #4
Yeah, I see what I did. Arithmetic always seems to kill me.
 
  • #5
Bob G can you help me - getting so confused? What answers did you get because mine don't make sense
 
  • #6
fabbo said:
Bob G can you help me - getting so confused? What answers did you get because mine don't make sense

Fabbo, sorry to bumb in like this but what have you done up till now. Please share us your results and how you got to them. Have you already consulted our marvellous tutorials ?

This is the best way to learn these important introductory concepts of Newtonian Physics.

regards
marlon
 
  • #7
ok here goes...

s = ut + 1/2 at^2

so after 1 sec

s = 19.6 x 1 + 1/2 x 9.81 x 1^2
s = 14.7m

v = u + at

so after 1 sec

v = 19.6 + -9.81 x 2
v = 9.79 m/s

I did the rest like this and got answers for 2 seconds as - 0.02m/s and 19.58m and for 3 seconds - 9.83 m/s and 14.655m

I don't think they're right and I don't understand when the stone is going up and falling ....
 
  • #8
fabbo said:
ok here goes...
s = ut + 1/2 at^2
Now we are getting started.
First of all, like you can see in the tutorial that i referred to, the above formula consists out of VECTORS. The clue is to express the components of these vectors with respect to the x and y-axis. For example, in this case, there is one acceleration : GRAVITY.
Acceleration is a vector and gravity is directed in the opposite direction (downward) of the y-axis. So you have
[tex]\vec{a_y} = -g \vec{e_y}[/tex]

The initial velocity is directed upwards in the same direction as the y-axis , so you have :
[tex]\vec{v_{initial}} = 19,6 \vec{e_y}[/tex]

WATCH THE SIGNS and be sure when to use + and - (same <--> opposite direction of the y-axis)

Now, try to write down the formula's for position and velocity in both the x and y direction.

The x-component of both acceleration and velocity are 0. Do you realize this ?

I strongly suggest you read the TUTORIAL. You will find more indept info on this along with some examples/exercises

regards
marlon

The general formula's for velocity (vector v) and position (vector r) are :

[tex]\vec{v} = \vec{v_0} + \vec{a}t[/tex]
[tex]\vec{r} = \vec{r_0} + \vec{v_0}t+ \vec{a} \frac{t^2}{2}[/tex]
 
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  • #9
fabbo said:
ok here goes...
s = ut + 1/2 at^2
so after 1 sec
s = 19.6 x 1 + 1/2 x 9.81 x 1^2
s = 14.7m
v = u + at
so after 1 sec
v = 19.6 + -9.81 x 2
v = 9.79 m/s
I did the rest like this and got answers for 2 seconds as - 0.02m/s and 19.58m and for 3 seconds - 9.83 m/s and 14.655m
I don't think they're right and I don't understand when the stone is going up and falling ....
Yes, they are right (you're using the gravitational acceleration constant in your calculator, aren't you).

To find where the dividing line between going up and going down is, the second equation (v=u + at) should equal zero at that the precise instant between going up and coming down. If you know the initial velocity and the acceleration, you can find rearrange to find the time.
 
  • #10
BobG said:
Yes, they are right (you're using the gravitational acceleration constant in your calculator, aren't you).
To find where the dividing line between going up and going down is, the second equation (v=u + at) should equal zero at that the precise instant between going up and coming down. If you know the initial velocity and the acceleration, you can find rearrange to find the time.


No they are NOT correct. Look at the equation for the position, more specifically, look at the acceleration !


marlon
 
  • #11
does that make the first velocity 9.79m/s?

how does this fit into the position equation? i got 4.9m but was pretty confused...
 
  • #12
ok, how about this

v = 19.6 -9.81t
y = 19.6t -9.81t²/2

Try these...

marlon

i must say that you should be able to come up with these yourself.
 
  • #13
first velocity is indeed 9.79 m/s

first position 14.695 m
 
  • #14
oh ok i understand now, thank you for your help - it really is appreciated. I know to an experienced physicist I should be capable of doing these. But unfortunately I'm not and that is what is so great about this forum. I'm not looking for people to tell me answers, I just want to further my understanding. I have already asked my school teacher and I did not find he was able to help me. Therefore thank you and your tutorials are brilliant.
 
  • #15
fabbo said:
oh ok i understand now, thank you for your help - it really is appreciated. I know to an experienced physicist I should be capable of doing these. But unfortunately I'm not and that is what is so great about this forum. I'm not looking for people to tell me answers, I just want to further my understanding. I have already asked my school teacher and I did not find he was able to help me. Therefore thank you and your tutorials are brilliant.


if you have any other questions on this, please do not hesitate. I just want to stress (but i am sure many people have told you this) that it is very important that you know how to work with vectors/components, etc...

Good Luck

regards

marlon

edit : now i am off too, to see LOST on tv
 

1. What is a projectile?

A projectile is any object that is thrown or launched into the air and is affected by gravity.

2. How is initial velocity related to projectiles?

Initial velocity is the speed and direction at which a projectile is thrown or launched. It determines the path and range of the projectile.

3. How does gravity affect a projectile?

Gravity pulls a projectile down towards the ground, causing it to follow a curved path known as a parabola.

4. What factors can influence the trajectory of a projectile?

The initial velocity, angle of launch, air resistance, and gravity are all factors that can affect the trajectory of a projectile.

5. How can the motion of a projectile be calculated?

The motion of a projectile can be calculated using equations from classical mechanics, such as the kinematic equations, taking into account the initial velocity, angle of launch, and acceleration due to gravity.

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