# Question in output transformer

1. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

I am reading audio output transformers. This is a paragraph from RDH4 and I don't understand where the formula of $L_0\;$ come from. Please see attachment.

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2. Sep 21, 2012

### uart

It looks like it's just $L = \mu \mu_0 N^2 A/l$ where $\mu_0 \simeq 1.26 E-6$ H/m is folded in with the conversion from meters to inches to give the combined constant of 3.2E-8.

Last edited: Sep 21, 2012
3. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

Thanks for the reply. What is the magnetic path l?

$$L_0=\frac {3.2A\mu N^2}{10^8\times l}$$

Also where is 3.2EE2 come from. $\mu_0\;$=1.256EE-6 won't get 3.2EE2.

Thanks

Alsn

Last edited: Sep 21, 2012
4. Sep 21, 2012

### uart

No, the geometric factor A/l just has units of length. In SI units you use m^2 and m to give A/l in meters. Then of course you use $\mu_0$ in H/m (1.26E-6 H/m).

If however you use inches for A/l then you'll need $\mu_0$ in H/in, so approx divided by 39.4 to give 3.2E-8

5. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

Thanks, so it's just going from meter to inches.

So what is the path length [itesx]l[/itex]? It was given 4.5 inches, where is this come from? Is this the length of the coil?

6. Sep 21, 2012

### uart

Yeah, it's the mean flux path length.

7. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

Thanks Uart, you are of big help.

8. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

Actually I have another question:

We know for solenoid, $B=\mu_0\mu n I\;\hbox{ where n is number of turns per unit length.}$

So $L=\mu_0\mu n^2 A \;\hbox{ where A is the cross section area of the solenoid.}$

The equation in the article, N is the total number of turns in the given length. so:

$$n=\frac N l\;\Rightarrow\; n^2=\frac {N^2}{l^2}$$

With that $L_0\;$ should be:

$$L_0= \frac {3.2A \mu_0\mu}{10^8}\frac{N^2}{l^2}\;\hbox{ instead of }\;L_0= \frac {3.2A \mu_0\mu}{10^8}\frac{N^2}{l}$$

9. Sep 21, 2012

### uart

No, the equation you post for the solenoid is not for the total inductance, it is for the inductance per unit length. It should read :

$$\frac{L}{l}=\mu_0\mu n^2 A$$

10. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

Thanks, do you go to sleep? I put in my sleeping in between these posts and you're still here!!!

So basically the total inductance is take the inductance per unit length times the length:

$$L_0= \frac {3.2A \mu_0\mu}{10^8}\frac{N^2}{l^2} \times l \Rightarrow \; L_0= \frac {3.2A \mu_0\mu}{10^8}\frac{N^2}{l}$$

11. Sep 21, 2012

### yungman

I have a different question, below is the equivalent circuit from the book: The first image is the part in question about the input impedance. The middle picture is the equivalent circuit at different frequency from the book.

The last picture on the right is my equivalent circuit. The top is the equivalent circuit of the real transformer.
(1) is the equivalent circuit refer to the primary.
(2) is the low frequency equivalent.
(3) is the equation of RA using my equivalent circuit which is different from the book in the first image.
(4) is the high frequency equivalent.

As you can see, the way I draw the equivalent circuit is different from the book, I don't think I can agree with the derivation of the book in the first image on the left. Even the equivalent circuit from the book Handbook of Transformer Design and Application by Flanagan and Wikipedia agree with me as in (1) of my drawing:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer

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• ###### Equiv1L.png
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Last edited: Sep 21, 2012
12. Sep 21, 2012

Anyone?