Water flows at lower pressure than atmospheric pressure due to the effects of gravity. When water is at rest, it is under atmospheric pressure, but as it begins to flow, the force of gravity pulls it downward, resulting in a decrease in pressure.
Gravity plays a crucial role in the movement of water. It pulls water downward, creating a pressure gradient that causes water to flow from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure. This is why water flows at lower pressure than atmospheric pressure.
No, water will not flow uphill even if the pressure is lower. This is because the force of gravity is always pulling water downward, and it cannot overcome this force to flow in the opposite direction.
Atmospheric pressure is considered the baseline for water pressure because it is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on the Earth's surface. This pressure is relatively constant and serves as a reference point for measuring other pressures, including water pressure.
Temperature can affect water pressure and flow in a few ways. As water is heated, it expands, and this expansion can increase pressure and cause water to flow more quickly. Conversely, when water is cooled, it contracts, resulting in a decrease in pressure and slower flow. Additionally, changes in temperature can also affect the density of water, which can impact its pressure and flow.