# Quick Normalisation Question

1. Apr 22, 2008

### White Ink

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
A hydrogen atom in the ground state can be described by the following wavefunction:

$$\Psi(r) = \frac{C}{\sqrt{4\pi}}e^{- \frac{r}{a_{0}}}$$

Normalise this wavefunction.

3. The attempt at a solution

I did this and got:

$$C = \sqrt{\frac{8\pi}{a_{0}}}$$

I have no way of checking this, so I was wondering if anybody could tell me whether I am right or wrong.

Last edited: Apr 22, 2008
2. Apr 22, 2008

### Dick

Not quite, I don't think. Can you show us how you got that?

3. Apr 22, 2008

### White Ink

$$\int^{\infty}_{0}\left|\Psi(r)\right|^{2}dr = 1$$

$$\frac{C^{2}}{4\pi}\int^{\infty}_{0}e^{\frac{-2r}{a_{0}}}dr = 1$$

$$u = \frac{2r}{a_{0}}$$

$$du = \frac{2}{a_{0}}dr$$

$$dr = \frac{a_{0}}{2}du$$

$$\frac{C^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{a_{0}}{2}\int^{\infty}_{0}e^{-u}du = 1$$

Using:

$$\int^{\infty}_{0}x^{n}e^{-x}dx = n!$$

$$\int^{\infty}_{0}e^{-u}du = 0! = 1$$

Thus:

$$\frac{C^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{a_{0}}{2} = 1$$

$$C^{2} = \frac{8\pi}{a_{0}}$$

4. Apr 22, 2008

### Proggle

Think again about the first integral. Even if the wavefunction is only dependent on r, you are still integrating over three-dimensional space. Use the appropriate volume differential for this case (spherical coordinates).

You will notice the equation will reduce to an integral in just r, but it'll have a key difference with the one you're using right now.

5. Apr 22, 2008

### White Ink

I know exactly what you mean (integrating in the $$\theta$$ & $$\phi$$ directions becomes equivalent to multiplying to constant in front of the integration with respect to r by $$2\pi^{2}$$, since the wavefunction is independent of those two variables). I read over the question too quickly. Thank you for your help.

6. Apr 22, 2008

### Dick

In addition there will be an extra factor of r^2 in the integrand, right?

7. Apr 22, 2008

### White Ink

Now that one beats me. I can't see where an additional $$r^{2}$$ would come from.

8. Apr 22, 2008

### Dick

dV in spherical coordinates is r^2*sin(theta)*dr*dtheta*dphi. Better look that up to make sure my use of angle names agrees with yours. And you won't get a pi^2 from the integration, do it carefully.

9. Apr 22, 2008

### White Ink

Ooops, I feel stupid now. I forgot about the metric coefficients and took my volume element to be $$dr$$$$d\theta$$ . At least I won't be making that mistake again. Thanks.