Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atom (or isotope) releases energy and particles in order to become more stable. This can result in the transformation of one element into another.
Radioactive decay occurs spontaneously and randomly, with no external influence or control. It is determined by the inherent instability of the atom and its desire to become more stable.
An isotope is an atom of a specific element that has the same number of protons in its nucleus, but a different number of neutrons. This can result in different forms, or isotopes, of the same element with varying levels of stability.
The transformation of isotope A into B in 1 hour is known as the half-life of the isotope. This means that after 1 hour, half of the initial amount of isotope A will have transformed into isotope B. This can be used to measure the rate of decay and determine the age of a sample.
Radioactive decay can be harmful if exposure is prolonged or in high doses. The energy and particles released during decay can damage living cells and tissues, causing health issues and potentially leading to cancer. However, controlled and monitored use of radioactive materials can also have beneficial applications, such as in medicine and energy production.