# Rouches theorem

1. Dec 14, 2013

### Gauss M.D.

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Find the number of zeroes of

p(z) = z^5 + 10z - 1

inside |z| < 1

2. Relevant equations

3. The attempt at a solution

Let f(z) = z^5
g(z) = 10z-1

On |z| = 1:

10|z| - 1< |10z-1| < 10|z| + 1 (is this true...?)

9 < |g(z)| < 11

|f(z)| = 1

So |g| > |f|, so f+g should have the same number of zeroes as f, which is five.

That's incorrect obviously. What am I doing wrong?

2. Dec 14, 2013

### pasmith

Set $z = Re^{i\theta}$. Then
$$|10z - 1|^2 = (10Re^{i\theta} - 1)(10Re^{-i\theta} - 1) = 100R^2 + 1 + 20R\cos\theta$$
so that
$$100R^2 - 20R + 1 \leq |10z - 1|^2 \leq 100R^2 + 20R + 1$$
or
$$(10R - 1)^2 \leq |10z - 1|^2 \leq (10R + 1)^2$$
so yes, it is true that $10|z| - 1 \leq |10z-1| \leq 10|z| + 1$.

You haven't applied Rouche's Theorem correctly: if $|g| > |f|$ on $|z| = 1$ then $g$ and $f + g$ have the same number of zeroes in $|z| < 1$.

3. Dec 14, 2013

### Gauss M.D.

But if |g| is between 9 and 11 and f is always 1, then f < g on |z| = 1. What's incorrect?

4. Dec 14, 2013

### pasmith

What's incorrect is your conclusion that f and f +g have the same number of zeroes. Rouche's Theorem is actually telling you that g and f + g have the same number of zeroes.