How Does Phase Shift Affect the General Solution for S.H.M. in a Helical Spring?

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In summary, the conversation touches on the derivation of the differential equation of motion for a helical spring using Hooke's law and Newton's second law of motion. It discusses the general solution to the equation and how it can be represented as either cos(ωt + θ) or sin(ωt + θ). The conversation also mentions that the general solutions are equivalent due to a phase shift, and there may be a mistake in either the notes or textbook regarding the value of θ.
  • #1
SherlockOhms
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We've just begun studying oscillatory motion and recently derived the differential equation of motion for a helical using Hooke's law and Newton's second law of motion.

The differential equation of motion for the helical spring is (dx/dt)^2 + (k/m)x = 0. In our lecture notes it says that the general solution to the above equation is x = Acos(ωt +θ), where θ is the phase constant. From this you can find the various equations for T, a and ω. Also, the notes go on to state that if θ = -pi/2 then Acos(ωt +θ) becomes Asin(ωt), which makes sense.

However, in our textbook it says that x = Asin(ωt +θ) is the general solution to the differential equation of motion and that is θ pi/2 then Asin(ωt +θ) becomes Acos(ωt), this also makes sense.

So, I was just wondering is the general solution arbitrary or is there a mistake in either the notes or text?
Thanks in advance.
 
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  • #2
Realize that cos(ωt) and sin(ωt) are the same except for a phase shift. The general solutions are equivalent.

cos(x) = sin(x + π/2)

sin(x) = cos(x - π/2)
 
  • #3
Doc Al said:
Realize that cos(ωt) and sin(ωt) are the same except for a phase shift. The general solutions are equivalent.

cos(x) = sin(x + π/2)

sin(x) = cos(x - π/2)

Cool. Thanks for that.
 

1. What is the definition of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) in relation to a helical spring?

Simple Harmonic Motion refers to the repetitive back-and-forth motion of a system around a stable equilibrium point. In the case of a helical spring, SHM occurs when the spring is compressed or stretched and then released, causing it to oscillate around its equilibrium length.

2. What factors affect the SHM of a helical spring?

The SHM of a helical spring is affected by its stiffness (or spring constant), mass attached to the spring, and the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations. Additionally, external factors such as air resistance and friction can also affect the motion.

3. How is the period of SHM related to the properties of a helical spring?

The period of SHM, which is the time it takes for one complete oscillation, is directly related to the stiffness of the spring and the mass attached to it. A stiffer spring or a larger mass will result in a longer period, while a less stiff spring or a smaller mass will result in a shorter period.

4. Can the SHM of a helical spring be affected by changing the orientation of the spring?

Yes, the SHM of a helical spring can be affected by changing its orientation. This is because the gravitational force acting on the spring will change, which can affect the equilibrium point and the amplitude of the oscillations.

5. How is the energy of a helical spring related to its SHM?

The energy of a helical spring is constantly changing during SHM. As the spring compresses and stretches, it stores potential energy, which is converted into kinetic energy as it oscillates back and forth. The total energy of the system remains constant, but the energy is constantly converting between potential and kinetic forms.

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