Can a satellite be raised to a new orbit with two impulses in this scenario?

In summary: This type of orbital maneuver is known as a "Hohmann transfer orbit." It involves using two impulses at specific locations and magnitudes to transfer from one circular orbit to another. In summary, with two impulses directed along the satellite's velocity, it can be raised from a circular orbit with radius r to a new circular orbit with radius 2r. The first impulse should have a magnitude of [(2√3-3)/3]√(GM/r)m and the second impulse should have a magnitude of √(GM/r)[(3√2-2√3)/6]m. This transfer is known as a Hohmann transfer orbit.
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Homework Statement


A satellite of mass m is in circular orbit about a planet of mass M, with orbital radius r. Show that with two appropriately located impulses, each directed along the satellite's instantaneous velocity at the moment of the impulse, it can be raised to a new circular orbit of radius 2r. Specify the locations and magnitudes of the two impulses and the shape of the orbit after the rst impulse.

Homework Equations


E=0.5m(dr/dt)^2+L^2/2mr^2-GMm/r
Conservation of E
Conservation of L

The Attempt at a Solution


I have a complete answer but I am very unsure about it so would appreciate a quick check :)

Step one:
Convert into an elliptical orbit with apogee 2r.
Let the velocity after the first impulse be v. Then the initial energy is 0.5mv^2-GMm/r. At apogee, the velocity is halved by conservation of angular momentum. The energy is then 0.125mv^2-GMm/2r. Conserving energy and solving for v gives v=2/√3(√(GM/r)). As the initial velocity was root(GM/r), we need an impulse of [(2√3-3)/3]√(GM/r)m.

Step two:
Convert to a circular orbit of radius 2r.
From conservation of angular momentum, at apogee the velocity is 0.5v=1/√3(√(GM/r)). We need a velocity of √(GM/2r) in the tangential direction (impulse is in this direction so that's fine). So we need an impulse √(GM/r)[(3√2-2√3)/6]m.

Thanks in advance.
 
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  • #2
Your logic is correct. I didn't double check the calculation very carefully but it seems correct as well. This is called a "Hohmann transfer orbit".
 
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  • #3
Your logic and your values are correct.
 

1. What is a satellite orbit problem?

A satellite orbit problem refers to the challenge of determining the trajectory, or path, of a satellite around a celestial body such as a planet or moon. This involves understanding the gravitational forces acting on the satellite and calculating its speed and direction of travel.

2. Why is it important to solve satellite orbit problems?

It is important to solve satellite orbit problems because accurate knowledge of a satellite's trajectory is crucial for its successful operation. Satellites are used for various purposes such as communication, navigation, and scientific research, and any errors in their orbit can affect their functionality and performance.

3. What factors influence a satellite's orbit?

The primary factor that influences a satellite's orbit is the gravitational pull of the celestial body it is orbiting. Other factors that may affect its orbit include the mass and density of the celestial body, atmospheric drag, and external forces such as solar radiation pressure.

4. How are satellite orbit problems solved?

Satellite orbit problems are solved using mathematical equations and computer simulations. Scientists use laws of physics such as Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation to calculate the orbit of a satellite. Computer simulations can also be used to model and predict the behavior of a satellite in its orbit.

5. What are some challenges in solving satellite orbit problems?

One of the main challenges in solving satellite orbit problems is the complex and constantly changing nature of orbits. Satellites may be affected by multiple gravitational forces and external factors, making it difficult to accurately predict their trajectory. Additionally, the high speeds and distances involved in satellite orbits require advanced mathematical and computational techniques for accurate calculations.

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