What is the Relationship Between Seebeck Coefficient and Temperature Gradient?

In summary, the Seebeck coefficient is a measure of the differential drop in voltage per unit temperature across a conductor. Goldsmid explains that a temperature gradient is necessary for this coefficient to be defined, as it is caused by a difference in Fermi level energy between two dissimilar contacts. While it is commonly believed to be a property of the metal itself, the Seebeck coefficient is actually a property of a single material and can only be measured by comparing it to another material. This is known as the Seebeck effect and is used in thermoelectric devices.
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mcodesmart
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The Seebeck coefficient is the differential drop in voltage per unit temperature across a conductor. Goldsmid says that there must be a temp. gradient across a junction for a seebeck coefficeint to be defined. This makes sense if the difference in the fermi level energy between two dissimilar contacts that causes a change in energy of the electron as it jumps from one metal to another.

But I usually hear that the Seebeck coefficient is the property of the metal itself.

Any comments to clear this up would be received.
 
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1. What is the Seebeck Coefficient and how is it calculated?

The Seebeck Coefficient is a measure of the relationship between temperature and electric potential in a material. It is calculated by dividing the change in voltage (ΔV) across a material by the change in temperature (ΔT) across the same material.

2. What does a positive or negative Seebeck Coefficient indicate?

A positive Seebeck Coefficient indicates that the material is a thermoelectric generator, meaning it can convert temperature differences into electricity. A negative Seebeck Coefficient indicates that the material is a thermoelectric cooler, meaning it can use electricity to create a temperature difference.

3. How is the Seebeck Coefficient affected by the type of material used?

The Seebeck Coefficient is heavily influenced by the type of material used. Generally, metals and semiconductors have higher Seebeck Coefficients, while insulators have lower Seebeck Coefficients.

4. Can the Seebeck Coefficient change over time?

Yes, the Seebeck Coefficient can change over time due to factors such as temperature, pressure, and impurities in the material. It is important to carefully control these factors when measuring the Seebeck Coefficient.

5. How is the Seebeck Coefficient used in practical applications?

The Seebeck Coefficient is used in the design and development of thermoelectric devices, such as thermoelectric generators and coolers. It is also used in materials research to study the thermoelectric properties of different materials and to improve their efficiency.

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