Speed of a fluid in a funnel

In summary: an is asking for clarification on the problem, specifically regarding the cross-sectional area at the upper surface of the liquid and the volumetric flow rate out of the bottom of the funnel.
  • #1
Raptor11122
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1. The problem
A funnel is in the form of a cone of semi-angle alpha and is placed with its vertex downwards. It is filled with water to a depth H and then the water is allowed to flow out of the funnel through a small hole at the vertex. If the stream of water has a cross-section of area A, and the velocity of the fuid in the stream when the depth of the water in the funnel is h and the rate at which the water level is decreasing is equal to U. Show further that:

## U^2 = \frac{A}{ \pi \tan(\alpha)} (\frac{2g}{h^3})^3 ## (Equation 1)2. The attempt at a solution
## A = \pi r^2 = \pi h^2 tan(\alpha)^2 ##

as

## tan(\alpha) =\frac{r}{h}## for a cone

##uA \delta = UA , u = ##velocity of fluid coming out and ##\delta << 1##

using Bernoulli means that

## u= \sqrt{2gh} ##

from this you can show that

## u^2 = \frac{A}{ \pi \tan(\alpha)} (\frac{2g}{h^3})^3 ##

The problem is I have a ##u^2 ## instead of ##U^2## as asked for in the question. What am I doing wrong?
 
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  • #2
In this problem, A is supposed to be the cross sectional area of the hole at the bottom of the funnel. In terms of h and tanα, what is the cross sectional area at the upper surface of the liquid in the funnel? In terms of A, what is the volumetric flow rate out the bottom of the funnel?

Chet
 
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What exactly is "speed of a fluid in a funnel"?

The speed of a fluid in a funnel refers to the velocity at which a liquid or gas flows through a conical-shaped container, such as a funnel. It is typically measured in units of distance per time, such as meters per second or feet per minute.

How is the speed of a fluid in a funnel calculated?

The speed of a fluid in a funnel can be calculated using the equation v = Q/A, where v is the speed, Q is the volumetric flow rate, and A is the cross-sectional area of the funnel. This equation assumes a steady state flow and neglects any friction or turbulence within the funnel.

What factors can affect the speed of a fluid in a funnel?

The speed of a fluid in a funnel can be affected by a variety of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid, the diameter of the funnel, the angle of the funnel, and the height of the liquid column in the funnel. Other external factors such as air pressure and temperature can also play a role.

Why is the speed of a fluid in a funnel important to study?

The speed of a fluid in a funnel is important to study because it can impact the efficiency and accuracy of various processes, such as filtration, mixing, and dispensing. Understanding the speed of a fluid in a funnel can also help in designing and optimizing funnel systems for specific purposes.

What are some real-world applications of studying the speed of a fluid in a funnel?

Studying the speed of a fluid in a funnel has various real-world applications, including in industries such as chemical and food processing, where funnel systems are commonly used. It is also relevant in areas such as meteorology, where the speed of fluids, such as air and water, plays a crucial role in weather patterns and forecasts.

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