Speed parameter β and Lorentz factor γ

In summary, the speed parameter β and Lorentz factor γ can be calculated for an electron with a kinetic energy of 6.00 keV, 2.00 MeV, and 4.00 GeV using the equations KE=(γ-1)*511 KeV and SQRT(1/(1-β^2))=γ. The solutions for β are 0.152, 0.979, and 1.00, respectively. The equation γ = √(1/(1-β^2)) can be used to solve for β in terms of γ.
  • #1
rlc
128
1

Homework Statement


Find the speed parameter β and Lorentz factor γ for an electron that has a kinetic energy of:

a) 6.00 keV
b) 2.00 MeV
c) 4.00 GeV

Homework Equations


KE=(γ-1)*511 KeV
SQRT(1/(1-β^2))=γ

The Attempt at a Solution


a) 6 KeV=(y-1)*511
y=1.0117
1.0117=SQRT(1/(1-β^2))
β=0.152

b) 2 MeV=(y-1)*0.511
y=4.91
4.91=SQRT(1/(1-β^2))
β=0.979

c) 4000 MeV=(y-1)*0.511
y=7828
My issue with this problem is I can't figure out how to calculate β. I was able to calculate the other betas by guessing and checking what beta was...I don't know how to simplify the equation to make solving for beta easier.
I can't use this method for this particular problem because y is so large. If someone could point out to me where my issue is, and how to go about getting around this problem, I would be very thankful.
 
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  • #2
You have:
[tex] \gamma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{1-\beta^2}}[/tex]
If you square both sides you have:
[tex] \gamma^2 = \frac{1}{1-\beta^2}[/tex]

Can't you take this and solve for β in terms of γ?
 
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  • #3
Nope your just fine,
√(1/1-β^2) = γ
Express β in function of γ and you'll get it,
Hope this helps :)
 
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  • #4
Thank you! The answer ended up being 1.00
It's pretty clear I haven't taken a math class in a while... :)
 

1. What is the relationship between the speed parameter β and Lorentz factor γ?

The speed parameter β and Lorentz factor γ are closely related in the theory of special relativity. The Lorentz factor γ is defined as 1/√(1-β²), where β is the ratio of an object's velocity to the speed of light. This means that as an object's speed approaches the speed of light (β→1), the Lorentz factor approaches infinity (γ→∞). Conversely, as an object's speed approaches 0 (β→0), the Lorentz factor approaches 1 (γ→1).

2. How is the Lorentz factor γ used in calculations involving special relativity?

The Lorentz factor γ is used to calculate various quantities in special relativity, such as time dilation and length contraction. It also plays a crucial role in the famous equation E=mc², where E represents an object's energy, m represents its mass, and c represents the speed of light. In this equation, the Lorentz factor γ accounts for the increase in an object's mass as its speed approaches the speed of light.

3. What is the significance of the Lorentz factor γ in the concept of time dilation?

The Lorentz factor γ is a critical component in understanding time dilation, which is the phenomenon where time appears to pass slower for an object in motion relative to an observer. The Lorentz factor γ is used to calculate the amount of time dilation that occurs, with higher values of γ resulting in greater time dilation. This concept is crucial in explaining the observed effects of time in high-speed scenarios, such as in space travel or particle accelerators.

4. Can the Lorentz factor γ ever be less than 1?

No, the Lorentz factor γ can never be less than 1. This is because the Lorentz factor is a factor of time dilation and length contraction, which only occur when an object is in motion at a significant fraction of the speed of light (β≠0). When an object is at rest (β=0), the Lorentz factor is equal to 1 (γ=1), indicating that there is no time dilation or length contraction present.

5. How does the Lorentz factor γ affect an object's momentum and energy?

The Lorentz factor γ plays a crucial role in calculating an object's momentum and energy in special relativity. As an object's speed approaches the speed of light (β→1), its momentum and energy also increase due to the increase in its Lorentz factor γ. This is why objects with high speeds, such as particles in particle accelerators, have significantly more momentum and energy than objects at rest. Additionally, the Lorentz factor also affects an object's mass, with higher values of γ resulting in a greater mass for the moving object.

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