# Sum to Product / Product to Sum

## Main Question or Discussion Point

Is there any reliable way to convert a series to a product, or the opposite? I was looking at the following and wanted to know more:

$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}}=\prod_{p}\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1}$$

shmoe
Homework Helper
apmcavoy said:
Is there any reliable way to convert a series to a product, or the opposite? I was looking at the following and wanted to know more:

$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}}=\prod_{p}\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1}$$
If the coefficients of your Dirichlet series is a multiplicative function f, that is

$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(n)n^{-s}$$

then you can write this as an Euler product

$$\prod_{p}(1+f(p)p^{-s}+f(p^2)p^{-2s}+\ldots)$$

where the product is over the primes (this is assuming you have absolute convergence of both product and sum). You can think of this as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic in an analytic form. There are plenty of interesting examples of this, powers of Zeta, Dirichlet L-functions, and anything that gets the name "L-function" is usually assumed to satisfy some form of this (as well as many other properties).

For more general sums and products you can still use exponentiation and logarithms to convert from one to another, again being careful with convergence issues if any.

SGT
apmcavoy said:
Is there any reliable way to convert a series to a product, or the opposite? I was looking at the following and wanted to know more:

$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}}=\prod_{p}\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1}$$
Exponentials turn sums into products, while logarithms turn products into sums. So:
$$exp(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}})=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}exp(\frac{1}{n^{s}})$$
You must now find $$p$$ such that
$$\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1} = exp(\frac{1}{n^{s}})$$

shmoe
$$exp(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}})=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}exp(\frac{1}{n^{s}})$$
You must now find $$p$$ such that
$$\left(1-p^{-s}\right)^{-1} = exp(\frac{1}{n^{s}})$$