# The fine tuning problem (all 120 OOM of it!)

#### Nereid

Staff Emeritus
Gold Member
The "fine tuning" problem (all 120 OOM of it!)

In another thread in General Astronomy and Cosmology, turbo-1 wrote:
The fine-tuning problem is the biggest puzzle in quantum cosmology. If you can explain why the expansive pressure of the quantum vacuum and the compressive force of its gravitational equivalence are fine-tuned to 120 OOM so that the universe can exist without collapsing or exploding, you will go meet the king of Sweden.
EnumaElish wrote:
.
Well, this is the thread where the nature of this humongous inbalance can be ascertained!

Related Astronomy and Astrophysics News on Phys.org

#### Chronos

Gold Member
I've always felt this is the quantum equivalent of the Rayleigh-Jeans [ultraviolet] catastrophe. Observational stongly indicates the background vacuum energy state is nowhere near the inferred planckian-like density. It seems far more likely something is wrong or missing in the model. I suspect the eventual solution will explain a number of other mysteries in modern physics, like matter - antimatter abundance: which is another case where we know a tiny, positive imbalance is the outcome, but not why.

#### Garth

Gold Member
The problem lies at the interface of GR and QM.

GR does not predict any density of the false vacuum, not even 10-120 that suggested by QM.

The hugh OOM fine tuning problem occurs when the false vacuum is identified with the cosmological constant suggested by the standard cosmological paradigm. This is an attractive hypothesis as $$\Lambda$$ and false vacuum have the same equation of state:
$$p=-\rho$$,
however strictly in GR the false vacuum ought to be entered into the right hand side of the field equation, as a component of the energy-momentum tensor of the matter field, rather than on the left hand side as a component of space-time curvature,
$$R_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}R+\Lambda g_{\mu\nu}=8\pi GT_{\mu\nu}$$.
i.e. $$\Lambda$$ should not be confused with T!

There is a resolution of this huge fine tuning problem, in the theory A New Self Creation Cosmology, the field equation requires a moderate false vacuum density in vacuo dependent on the curvature of space-time.
$$T_v$$ is the trace of the Einstein Frame Vacuum energy momentum tensor and which in this theory is required to be generally non-zero by Equation (166). In this case I therefore suggest that there is a false vacuum made up of contributions of zeropoint energy from every quantum matter field which has a natural renormalised ‘cut-off’ $$E_{max}$$ determined, and therefore limited, by the above solutions to the local gravitational equations.
(page 712)

There are two, (the gravitational and the scalar), field equations to be satisfied in SCC. In flat space-time their solutions converge consistently, however the presence of curvature separates the solutions slightly and consistency between them requires a small false vacuum energy density. It is this that is being probed by the Casimir force.

This is testable; the Casimir force should "bottom out" in the solar gravitational field with present experimental sensitivity somewhere between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn.

What is true of the local spherically symmetric solution is also true of the cosmological solution thereby predicting a small and precisely determined cosmological false vacuum. The cosmological solution thus requires a moderate amount of "Dark Energy" (here identified as false vacuum) $$\Omega_{fv}=0.11$$.

The requirement on the Case 2 equation of state; Equation (213), together with Equation (231) mean the total cosmological pressure is given by
$$p=-\frac{1}{3} \rho_0 exp(H_0t)$$
To explain this it is again suggested that a component of the cosmological pressure and density is made up of false vacuum. That is there is a ‘remnant’ vacuum energy made up of contributions of zero-point energy from every mode of every quantum field which would have a natural energy ‘cut-off’ $$E_{max}$$ which in the cosmological case is determined, and limited, by the solution to the cosmological equations.
(page 725)

Garth

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#### Pengwuino

Gold Member
Is this the thing that had a cover story on Scientific American a few months ago?

#### Nereid

Staff Emeritus
Gold Member
Pengwuino said:
Is this the thing that had a cover story on Scientific American a few months ago?
Black hole computers (Nov 2004)? or Loop Quantum Gravity (Jan 2004)?

There's also:
Brave New Cosmos: The Quintessential Universe (Jan 2001, part of the "Once and Future Cosmos" issue)
Exploiting Zero-Point Energy (Dec 1997)
A Cosmic Conundrum (Sep 2004, part of the "Einstein" issue)
Or perhaps from the Oct 1994 issue?

#### Pengwuino

Gold Member
It was 2005... the title was like "Is our universe out of tune?"

#### Nereid

Staff Emeritus
Gold Member
Pengwuino said:
It was 2005... the title was like "Is our universe out of tune?"
The latest issue (August).

No, that's about the CMBR and its analysis (the low multipoles are observed to be quite different from what BB theory predicts, and contain some intriguing coincidences).

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