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Chemistry
The shielding effect and effective nuclear charge
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[QUOTE="Drakkith, post: 6586174, member: 272035"] Per wiki: [I]Nuclear charge is the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge']electric charge[/URL] of a nucleus of an atom, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus times the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_charge']elementary charge[/URL]. In contrast, the [B]effective nuclear charge[/B] is the attractive positive charge of nuclear protons acting on valence electrons, which is always less than the total number of protons present in a nucleus due to the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding_effect']shielding effect[/URL].[/I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_nuclear_charge#cite_note-3'][I][3][/I][/URL] [I]The [B]shielding effect[/B] sometimes referred to as [B]atomic shielding[/B] or [B]electron shielding[/B] describes the attraction between an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron']electron[/URL] and the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus']nucleus[/URL] in any atom with more than one [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron']electron[/URL]. The shielding effect can be defined as a reduction in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_nuclear_charge']effective nuclear charge[/URL] on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces on the electrons in the atom. [/I] [/QUOTE]
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The shielding effect and effective nuclear charge
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