Third law of thermodynamic as function of equilibrium constant

In summary, the equation for calculating the enthalpy of a reaction is derived from the Third Law of Thermodynamics and takes into account the change in Gibbs free energy and the entropy change of the reaction. This equation is useful in understanding the thermodynamics of chemical reactions.
  • #1
kthouz
193
0
Hello!
Here is an equation that i sometimes use in calculating enthalpy of reaction aA+bB=cC+dD.
a,b,c and d are stoechiometric coefficients, A,B,C and D are chemical compounds in reaction. They say that is an other form of the third law of thermodynamic, can one guide me please to derive it?
[tex]\Delta[/tex]H=T[[tex]\Delta[/tex][tex]\Phi[/tex]-Rln(K)].
where T is temperature, [tex]\Delta[/tex][tex]\Phi[/tex] is the Gibbs Free energy, R is the ideal gas constant and K is the partial pressure equilibrium constant.
 
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  • #2
This equation is derived from the Third Law of Thermodynamics. According to the Third Law, the enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction at zero absolute temperature. Therefore, we can write:

\DeltaH = \DeltaG|_{T=0}

At non-zero temperatures, the enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the change in Gibbs free energy plus an additional term that accounts for the entropy change of the reaction. This additional term is known as the "enthalpy of reaction" and is given by the equation:

\DeltaH = \DeltaG + T\DeltaS

Now, the entropy change of a reaction is related to the equilibrium constant of the reaction, K, through the equation:

\DeltaS = -Rln(K)

where R is the ideal gas constant. Therefore, combining the above equations, we can obtain the following equation for the enthalpy change of a reaction:

\DeltaH = \DeltaG + T[-Rln(K)]

which is equivalent to the equation you have provided:

\DeltaH=T[\Delta\Phi-Rln(K)].
 

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is equal to zero. This means that at absolute zero, the atoms in a perfect crystal are in a perfectly ordered state and there is no randomness or disorder.

How does the third law of thermodynamics relate to the equilibrium constant?

The third law of thermodynamics provides a fundamental basis for calculating the equilibrium constant of a reaction. The equilibrium constant is a measure of the balance between the concentration of reactants and products in a chemical reaction at a given temperature, and is influenced by the entropy changes of the reaction.

What is the role of entropy in the third law of thermodynamics?

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In the third law of thermodynamics, entropy is related to the perfect crystal at absolute zero, where there is no randomness or disorder. This allows for the calculation of the entropy changes in a reaction and its effect on the equilibrium constant.

How can the third law of thermodynamics be applied in practical situations?

The third law of thermodynamics is useful in determining the feasibility and direction of chemical reactions, as well as predicting the behavior of materials at low temperatures. It also plays a role in the design and optimization of industrial processes, such as refrigeration and energy production.

Are there any exceptions to the third law of thermodynamics?

While the third law of thermodynamics holds true for perfect crystals at absolute zero, it does have some limitations when applied to real-world systems. There are some materials, such as glasses and polymers, that do not exhibit perfect crystalline order at absolute zero. Additionally, quantum effects can cause deviations from the third law at very low temperatures.

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