Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of an object's velocity over time. It is represented by the formula a = (vf - vi)/t, where vf is the final velocity, vi is the initial velocity, and t is the time interval.
Average acceleration is the overall change in velocity divided by the total time taken, while instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration at a specific moment in time. In the case of "Time to Accelerate from 30.0 m/s to 50.0 m/s - 5s", the average acceleration would be (50.0 m/s - 30.0 m/s)/5s = 4 m/s^2, while the instantaneous acceleration would vary as the velocity changes over the 5 seconds.
The mass of an object does not directly affect its acceleration. However, a larger mass will require a greater force to accelerate at the same rate as a smaller mass. This is represented by Newton's Second Law of Motion, F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.
In addition to mass, other factors that can affect the acceleration of an object include the applied force, the direction of the force, and the presence of external forces such as friction or air resistance. These factors can either increase or decrease the acceleration of an object.
No, an object cannot accelerate indefinitely. As an object's velocity increases, the resistance from the surrounding environment also increases, making it more difficult to continue accelerating. Eventually, the object will reach a maximum velocity, or terminal velocity, where the forces acting on it are balanced and it no longer accelerates.