# Uncertainty in the volume

lep11

## Homework Statement

As you eat your way through a bag of chocolate chip cookies, you observe that each cookie is a circular disk with a diameter of 8.50 ± 0.02 cm and a thickness of 0.050 ± 0.005 cm. (a) Find the average volume of a cookie and the uncertainty in the volume. (b) Find the ratio of the diameter to the thickness and the uncertainty in this ratio.

## Homework Equations

V=pi*r2*h
d=8.50 +/- 0.02 cm → r=4.25+-0.01 cm

## The Attempt at a Solution

a.) average volume V=pi*r^2*h=pi*(4.25cm)2*0.050cm≈2.8cm3

volume of the smallest cookie V=pi*(4.24cm)2*0.045cm=2.54152...cm3
volume of the biggest cookie V=pi*(4.26cm)2*0.055cm=3.1356...cm3
uncertainty= (biggest - smallest)/2=0.30cm3
b.) ratio of the diameter to the thickness= 8.50cm/0.050cm=170
uncertainty=biggest ratio-smallest ratio=8.52cm/0.045cm-8.48cm/0.055cm=35
Please check my answers. I am not sure what is meant with that uncertainty thing.

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Mentor
The idea is that an actual value of a given quantity must lie between the biggest and smallest values and the assumption is made that it will most likely be right in the middle of that range. Half the spread should be "to the left" and half should be "to the right" of the average value. So, divide the total range by two to yield the uncertainty. In other words for f ±Δf you want:
$$Δf = \frac{f_{big} - f_{small}}{2}$$

In part b, check the thickness value you've used for the "biggest" term.

1 person
lep11
So now the volume could be expressed as V=2.8 +-0.30cm3 ?

Mentor
So now the volume could be expressed as V=2.8 +-0.30cm3 ?

V = 2.8 ± 0.3 cm3

Don't add a '0' past the digit you've rounded! That would imply another digit of accuracy, but you've already disposed of it by rounding.

lep11
In part b, check the thickness value you've used for the "biggest" term.

Mentor

You wrote:
b.) ratio of the diameter to the thickness= 8.50cm/0.050cm=170
uncertainty=biggest ratio-smallest ratio=8.52cm/0.45cm-8.48cm/0.055cm=3.569...
Shouldn't that be 0.045 cm?

lep11
You wrote:

Shouldn't that be 0.045 cm?
Yes it should! A typo. Thanks. Is b otherwise correct or should it be 35/2?

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Mentor
Yes it should! A typo. Thanks. Is b otherwise correct?

Not correct. Redo the calculation and remember what I said about dividing the result in half.

1 person
lep11
I appreciate your help. However, I still don't know what was the whole exercise for.

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Mentor
I appreciate your help. However, I still don't know what was the whole exercise for.

The idea of uncertainty values is to establish a range over which the results of calculations may lie when they are derived from imperfect data. Every measurement has an error associated with it -- no measurement is ever perfectly accurate.

You will use uncertainty calculations a LOT in the sciences, particularly if you have to do labs and the associated lab reports.