The ideal gas law is a mathematical equation that describes the behavior of an ideal gas under various conditions. It states that the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the temperature and the number of moles of gas, and is represented by the equation PV=nRT.
The variables in the ideal gas law are pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and the number of moles of gas (n). The gas constant (R) is also a variable in the equation.
The ideal gas law is used in experiments to determine the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of gas. It can also be used to calculate unknown variables, such as the volume of a gas at a given temperature and pressure.
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that follows the ideal gas law under all conditions, while a real gas deviates from the ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures. Real gases have intermolecular forces and occupy a finite volume, while ideal gases do not.
The ideal gas law is based on the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory, which states that gas particles are in constant motion, have negligible volume, and do not interact with each other. The ideal gas law provides a mathematical explanation for the behavior of gas particles predicted by the kinetic molecular theory.