The voltage across a capacitor is directly proportional to the charge stored on the capacitor. This means that as the voltage increases, the charge stored on the capacitor also increases, and vice versa.
The charge on a capacitor can be calculated by multiplying the capacitance (C) of the capacitor by the voltage (V) across it. The formula is Q = CV.
No, a capacitor can never be fully charged as there will always be some leakage of charge due to the finite resistance of the capacitor's materials. However, the capacitor can be charged to a point where the leakage is negligible and the charge can be considered constant.
When a capacitor is connected to a battery, the voltage across the capacitor will increase until it reaches the same voltage as the battery. The charge on the capacitor will also increase until it reaches the maximum amount of charge that the battery can supply.
The energy stored in a capacitor is directly proportional to the square of the voltage across it. This means that increasing the voltage will result in a larger amount of energy stored in the capacitor. However, be aware that increasing the voltage beyond the capacitor's rated limit can cause damage to the capacitor and potentially lead to failure.