A wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave. It is typically measured in meters or nanometers.
The wavelengths of various colors are determined by the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that makes up the color. Color is determined by the specific wavelength of light that is reflected or absorbed by an object.
The visible light spectrum is the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that human eyes are able to perceive as different colors. This spectrum ranges from approximately 380 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red).
Different colors have different wavelengths because they correspond to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Colors with longer wavelengths have lower frequencies and colors with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies.
The relationship between wavelength and energy is inverse. This means that as the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation decreases, the energy of the radiation increases. This is why high energy colors like blue and violet have shorter wavelengths than low energy colors like red and orange.