# Well Ordered sets

## Homework Statement

"Prove that if A is any well-ordered set of real numbers and B is a nonempty subset of A, then B is also well-ordered"

## The Attempt at a Solution

If B $$\subseteq$$ A, then B$$\subseteq$${x1, x2, x3...xn}.

Since B$$\subseteq$$A, the smallest possible subset B can be is {x1} which has a least element, ie x1.

Therefore B is well-ordered.

## Answers and Replies

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I think there is an important flaw here. So yes, we know that every subset of A has a minimal element right? But just because A is well ordered does not mean it is finite, or even countable!

So what do you need to show? To show that B is well ordered, you need to show that every non-empty subset of B has a minimal element right? So maybe start by taking a non-empty subset of B. Why does this set have to have a minimal element?

I think there is an important flaw here. So yes, we know that every subset of A has a minimal element right? But just because A is well ordered does not mean it is finite, or even countable!

So what do you need to show? To show that B is well ordered, you need to show that every non-empty subset of B has a minimal element right? So maybe start by taking a non-empty subset of B. Why does this set have to have a minimal element?

In the extreme case that A is not finite, then would every subset of A be finite, except for the subset that equals A? (say if you took the power set, without the empty set).

So every set not equal to A would be finite. Call one of those sets B. Then every subset of B would have a least element?

(Sorry if the above is just gibberish, I'm running into a mental roadblock with most questions involving sets. Trying very hard to comprehend though.)

That's okay, we're here to help.

Think about the $\mathbb R$. I know it's hard to imagine a well-ordering on the reals but there is one (by the Well-Ordering Theorem). Now notice that certainly not all subsets of $\mathbb R$ are finite.

I think you're thinking about this too hard. Remember that subset inclusion is a transitive operation, so that if $X \subseteq Y$ and $Y \subseteq Z$ then $X \subseteq Z$.

Now let $B \subseteq A$, and we want to show that B is well-ordered. So we need to show that every non-empty subset of B has a minimal element. So lets choose a non-empty subset $C \subseteq B$.

Can you connect the dots from here?

That's okay, we're here to help.

Think about the $\mathbb R$. I know it's hard to imagine a well-ordering on the reals but there is one (by the Well-Ordering Theorem). Now notice that certainly not all subsets of $\mathbb R$ are finite.

I think you're thinking about this too hard. Remember that subset inclusion is a transitive operation, so that if $X \subseteq Y$ and $Y \subseteq Z$ then $X \subseteq Z$.

Now let $B \subseteq A$, and we want to show that B is well-ordered. So we need to show that every non-empty subset of B has a minimal element. So lets choose a non-empty subset $C \subseteq B$.

Can you connect the dots from here?

Ok so C$$\subseteq$$B and B$$\subseteq$$A, then C$$\subseteq$$A? But what implication does that have on B being well ordered?

B contains more elements than C and less elements than a well-ordered set - but I don't see how that indicates B has a least element :/

But A is well ordered right? So what does that mean? If $C \subseteq A$ is a non-empty subset, then....

But A is well ordered right? So what does that mean? If $C \subseteq A$ is a non-empty subset, then....

If C$$\subseteq$$A, then every element of C is contained in A, and since C is a nonempty subset of A and A is well ordered, it follows that C has as least element. And since every element of C is in B, B must also contain the least element of C, so B is well ordered?

Okay, let's slow down. You're finished, but you don't realize you're finished.

The definition of well ordered:
A set $A$ is well-ordered if $A$ has a strict total-ordering in which every non-empty subset has a least element.
Now we are given that $A$ is well ordered, and told that $B \subseteq A$ is a non-empty subset. We want to show that B is also well-ordered. Let's look at the definition to figure out what this means. Firstly, we know that B has a strict total-order inherited from A, so we don't care about that. This means that all we need to do is show that every non-empty subset of $B$ has a minimal element.

Now sure, B has a minimal element in A, but we don't care about that. We want to show that if $C \subseteq B$, then C has a minimal element. But $C \subseteq A$ and A is well-ordered, so by definition C has a minimal element and we're done, since C was chosen arbitrarily.

See? Everything is there! We've finished the proof. It's just a matter now of you seeing that the proof is indeed done.

Im starting to get it. I'm gonna have to go over it a bit later when I get back and really get it down.

Thanks for your help and patience!