Biomolecules, also known as biological molecules, are molecules found in living organisms. They are essential for life and carry out important functions such as providing structure, storing energy, and facilitating chemical reactions.
The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that provide energy. Lipids are fats and oils that store energy. Proteins are made up of amino acids and have various functions such as structural support and enzymatic activity. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
Biomolecules can be identified in the laboratory through various techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectroscopy. These techniques allow scientists to separate and analyze biomolecules based on their physical and chemical properties.
Yes, it is possible for one biomolecule to perform multiple functions. For example, proteins can act as enzymes, which catalyze chemical reactions, while also providing structural support in cells.
While biomolecules are primarily found in living organisms, some can also be found in non-living things such as fossil fuels. However, these biomolecules are usually the remains of once-living organisms.