# I What does this line mean?

#### dRic2

Gold Member
I'm Sorry for the vague title, but I don't know what to write. Can someone tell me the meaning of the passage I underlined?

Thank you
Ric

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#### phinds

Gold Member
I'm Sorry for the vague title, but I don't know what to write. Can someone tell me the meaning of the passage I underlined?

Thank you
RicView attachment 224159
I don't know about others but I have no interest in getting a kink in my neck turning my head sideways just because you can't be bothered to show your image right-side-up

BvU

#### dRic2

Gold Member
Wow, I don't know if you were trying to be funny or mean. Anyway I'm sorry I updated it with my phone and I was in an hurry so forgot to check, it wasn't done on purpose.

Here it is, I will appreciate if you can check it out

Ric

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#### phinds

Gold Member
Wow, I don't know if you were trying to be funny or mean.
Neither one. I was making a statement of fact.

#### dRic2

Gold Member
I think "please re-upload the image" would be enough. I'm not upset about it, I just want to tell you that (I think) it sounds mean: everyone can make a mistake. Words are powerful.

BTW I'm not offended, I was just saying.

#### Voq

I found it funny because i was just in pose with my head at 90 degree.

#### DrClaude

Mentor
@dRic2: What book does this come from?

#### dRic2

Gold Member
@dRic2: What book does this come from?
"Combustion" (Physical and chemical fundamentals, modeling and simulation) J. Warnatz, U. Maas, R.W. Dibble

#### Mark44

Mentor
I've put a fair amount of time into this problem today, but haven't gotten very far. Maybe this can help you think about what's going on here, though. The business about eigenvalues refers to the linear algebra concept of linear transformations and function spaces, which are a slight variation of the concept of a vector space.
For a linear transformation L, $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue with associated eigenvector $\vec x$ provided that $L\vec x = \lambda \vec x$. IOW, for an eigenvector, $L\vec x$ produces a scaled version of the same vector.

In this problem, we're talking about eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, so the equation above would be $Lf = \lambda f$. As above, for an eigenfunction, $Lf$ results in a scalar multiple of the same function. The differential equation could be written as $L f = 0$, where the tranformation is the operator $L = a\frac{d^2}{dz^2} - v \frac{d}{dz} - \delta \cdot A \exp \left[-\frac E {R(T_b - \delta)}\right]$. Applying the linear operator L to a function f would entail working with this linear combination of f, f', and f''.

To find the eigenfunction basis (which would consist of two functions, being that the DE is second order), one would need to solve the DE $L f = \lambda f$, which as the text states, would be quite complicated. Even for much simpler DEs there is a lot of work.

An eigenfunction would be some exponential function for which the exponent would involve the associated eigenvalue, $\lambda$. I don't have any advice on the "Nevertheless, it can be shown easily that ... " part.

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#### dRic2

Gold Member
I've put a fair amount of time into this problem today
First of all thank you very much for the effort.

I'm familiar with eigenvalues/eigenfunctions thanks to quantum mechanics. But I can't even understand the meaning of this. The operator $L$ refers to the function $\delta(z)$ so what does "if v has the eigenvalue..." mean? How can v have an eigenvalue if the differential equation is written for $\delta$?

#### Mark44

Mentor
First of all thank you very much for the effort.

I'm familiar with eigenvalues/eigenfunctions thanks to quantum mechanics. But I can't even understand the meaning of this. The operator $L$ refers to the function $\delta(z)$ so what does "if v has the eigenvalue..." mean? How can v have an eigenvalue if the differential equation is written for $\delta$?
The best answer I can come up with is that the above means "if v is replaced by the eigenvalue $v_L$..." Other than that, no idea.

#### DrClaude

Mentor
It seems to be slightly idiosyncratic (although in some cases the relation with more "traditional" eigenvalue problems can be more evident), but in combustion you often get such differential equations that depend on some parameters that have non-trivial solutions only for certain relations between the parameters.

In the case at hand, $\delta(z) = 0$ is the trivial solution. Given the diffusivity $\alpha$ and the Arrhenius parameters $A$ and $E$, then the equation has a non-trivial solution $\delta(z)$ only for a particular value of $v$, which is then called an eigenvalue.

#### dRic2

Gold Member
Thank you for the replies. It's far more clear now!

I just have one more question out of curiosity:

Given the diffusivity $\alpha$ and the Arrhenius parameters $A$ and $E$, then the equation has a non-trivial solution $\delta(z)$ only for a particular value of $v$, which is then called an eigenvalue.
any ideas to show the "eigenvalue" is $v_L = \sqrt {\alpha k}$?

PS: Am I correct to assume that "eigenvalue" is just used in a misleading/improper way here ?

"What does this line mean?"

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