Torque is a measure of the force that causes an object to rotate around an axis or pivot point. It is calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied.
Net torque is the sum of all the torques acting on an object. It takes into account the direction and magnitude of each individual torque to determine the overall rotational effect on the object.
Pulleys use torque to transfer energy and motion from one object to another. As the rope or belt wrapped around a pulley is pulled, it creates a torque that causes the pulley to rotate and transfer this torque to the object it is connected to.
The axle of a pulley acts as the axis of rotation, around which the pulley and any attached objects rotate. The applied force on the pulley creates a torque around this axle, causing the pulley to rotate and transfer energy and motion.
The net torque on a pulley about the axle is calculated by summing up all the individual torques acting on the pulley in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. This takes into account the direction and magnitude of each torque to determine the overall rotational effect on the pulley around its axle.