# What would you pay ?

D H
Staff Emeritus
Since the question is what I would pay, I would pay zero, so that any winnings would be pure profit.
And what if the person running the game said "No thanks" to that offer? What is the top amount you would be willing to pay to play? Keep in mind that the expected value is infinite. Also keep in mind that the only way to obtain this expected value is to flip an infinite number of tails in a row, which is something you will not be able to do in a finite amount of time. (And you will presumably die in a finite amount of time.)

FlexGunship
Gold Member
And what if the person running the game said "No thanks" to that offer? What is the top amount you would be willing to pay to play? Keep in mind that the expected value is infinite. Also keep in mind that the only way to obtain this expected value is to flip an infinite number of tails in a row, which is something you will not be able to do in a finite amount of time. (And you will presumably die in a finite amount of time.)

Most forms of gambling (and lottery) are just taxes on stupid people. If you're not literally enjoying the act of gambling, then the value of the game might be negligible to some.

In my opinion, this is a boring game... I would elect to low-ball.

PAllen
One way to look at games of chance, and, in general, all forms of gambles in your life, is to view all the gambles in your life as part of an overall game. Then, even though expectation is an average of an infinite number of trials, and strictly doesn't apply to individual decisions, by taking advantage of winning expectation gambles as they present themselves, over your life you may come out ahead.

This leads to an important corollary: If the chance of winning is too small, there cannot be enough comparable opportunities in your lifetime. Thus, there is a threshold probability below which expectation is irrelevant. This can be quantified if you can guess the number of similar opportunities you might have in your life. For example, for a lottery, you can compute the most likely outcome of the number of plays you can reasonably make in your life, of tickets that have developed a winning expectation (as happens sometimes when a lottery round has no winner, and the prize rolls over). You find that for this finite game, your lifetime winnings are almost certain to be less than your cost. Even if you include other types of opportunities, you conclude that such a lottery play is still not rational.

This can be combined with observations about reality check (as DH first pointed out, the stated game is unimplementable); and also that you really need to think about your personal utility function of dollars, not just raw dollars.

In my view, then, choices like this are fully quantifiable in principle, the practical difficulty being lack of definition of things like 'lifetime similar opportunities' and 'personal utility function for money'.

This is not a game like poker, where guessing human behavior is paramount; nor like the running of lottery (though guessing mass behavior here is pretty trivial). For playing in a lottery or this game, there is no human behavior component involved.

[Edit, putting all this together for me, I would be willing to bid up to $10 to play this game]. Last edited: D H Staff Emeritus Science Advisor Most forms of gambling (and lottery) are just taxes on stupid people. Everyone gambles many times a day. They just don't know it. Hopping into the car to drive to work, run errands, or go out on the town is a gamble. You might be killed or injured by someone with failed brakes or by some fool on a cell phone. Every election of how to allocate one's retirement account is a gamble. It doesn't matter whether its the riskiest REIT that can be found or a supposedly safe money market account. DaveC426913 Gold Member Everyone gambles many times a day. They just don't know it. Hopping into the car to drive to work, run errands, or go out on the town is a gamble. You might be killed or injured by someone with failed brakes or by some fool on a cell phone. Every election of how to allocate one's retirement account is a gamble. It doesn't matter whether its the riskiest REIT that can be found or a supposedly safe money market account. I see a qualitative distinction between - performing activities that one need to do accomplish things in one's daily life, knowing those activities carry a risk of failure, and - taking a risk purely for the thrill of the possible win. Strictly using the term gambling, I would apply it to the latter but not the former. PAllen Science Advisor I see a qualitative distinction between - performing activities that one need to do accomplish things in one's daily life, knowing those activities carry a risk of failure, and - taking a risk purely for the thrill of the possible win. Strictly using the term gambling, I would apply it to the latter but not the former. Where would you put investing in a mutual fund? Starting your own business? Objectively, the latter has a relatively low probability of success, but a favorable expectation (or so you judge). I have an objection to the reasoning that the expected gain is infinite. Rather, the expectation value $E(X)$ is infinite. However, one must ask "how does $E(X)$ acquire its usual meaning of the expected gain?". The answer is: "due to some limit theorem". These limit theorems (e.g. law of large numbers) requires that E(X) is finite. Consequently, the math doesn't seem to tell us anything about the expected gain. I'd bet 4$. You have a 50/50 chance of losing 2$on the first toss. If you don't lose you have a 50/50 chance of winning 4$ (8-4=4) on the next. You also will keep doubling up for every consecutive tails you throw after the first one. If you throw 3 tails in a row you have 16\$ and a 50/50 chance to double it on the next toss, as well as after every additional tails thrown.