What size range of droplets is ideal for applying Stokes' Law in fluid dynamics?

In summary, the Reynolds number must be less than 1.0 for Stokes' Law to be applicable in the case of a droplet of liquid moving through air with only drag and gravity as external forces. This is generally only possible for very small droplets, such as those found in fog and clouds, due to the small viscosity of air. This is supported by measurements of fog droplets in meteorological studies.
  • #1
smee
2
0
Hi,
I am new to fluid dynamics and I would really appreciate some help on the subject.

When a droplet of liquid (water/blood) is moving through the air in a spherical shape, assuming the only external forces are drag and gravity, what is the range of the diameter that the drop can have so that Stokes' Law can be applied?

Thank you in advance for your help! :)
 
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  • #2
The Reynolds number is generally much too big for air that the Stokes' Law approximation is applicable.

Remember:
When viscosity goes to zero, Reynolds number goes to infinity.
 
  • #3
The Reynolds number based on the sphere diameter, relative velocity, and air properties would have to be less than 1.0
 
  • #4
Chestermiller said:
The Reynolds number based on the sphere diameter, relative velocity, and air properties would have to be less than 1.0
Which would, in effect, be only the case for the "tiniest" small spheres, because viscosity of air so small.

It shouldn't be many macroscopic droplets that obey Stokes' law in air.
 
  • #5
arildno said:
Which would, in effect, be only the case for the "tiniest" small spheres, because viscosity of air so small.

It shouldn't be many macroscopic droplets that obey Stokes' law in air.

Yes. We're pretty much talking about fog and cloud droplets.
 
  • #6
Chestermiller said:
Yes. We're pretty much talking about fog and cloud droplets.
Agreed. The following article from meteorology gives some typical measurements of the size distribution involved for fog droplets:
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469(1961)018<0671:AFFDSD>2.0.CO;2

while it didn't focus particularly on Stokes' law, it is probably in this range of sizes that Stokes' law is apllicable.
 

1. What is Stokes' Law?

Stokes' Law is a principle in fluid mechanics that describes the settling velocity of particles in a fluid. It states that the velocity of a small spherical particle settling in a viscous fluid is directly proportional to the force of gravity, the particle's radius, and the difference in density between the particle and the fluid.

2. When should Stokes' Law be used?

Stokes' Law should be used when studying the settling behavior of small particles in a fluid, such as in sedimentation, filtration, or centrifugation processes. It is also applicable in other areas of science, such as biology, chemistry, and geology.

3. How is Stokes' Law calculated?

The equation for Stokes' Law is v = (2/9)(r^2)(ρp-ρf)g/η, where v is the settling velocity, r is the radius of the particle, ρp is the density of the particle, ρf is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and η is the viscosity of the fluid. This equation can be used to calculate the settling velocity of a particle in a given fluid.

4. What are the limitations of Stokes' Law?

Stokes' Law is only applicable to small spherical particles settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds numbers. It does not take into account the effects of particle shape, surface roughness, or turbulence, which can significantly affect the settling velocity of particles in a fluid. Additionally, it assumes that the particles are dilute and do not interact with each other, which may not be the case in real-world scenarios.

5. How can Stokes' Law be used in practical applications?

Stokes' Law has practical applications in various industries, such as wastewater treatment, pharmaceuticals, and oil and gas. It can be used to design and optimize processes involving the separation or purification of particles, such as in sedimentation tanks or centrifuges. It can also be used to determine the size and density of particles in a sample, which is useful in quality control and research.

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